1. CATALYST Answer the following questions on a sticky note: 1.What is a natural disaster? 2.Name examples of natural disasters. 3.Why do natural disasters happen? Simulation of plate boundaries http://www.sepuplhs.org/middle/iaes/students/simulations/s epup_plate_motion.html http://www.sepuplhs.org/middle/iaes/students/simulations/s epup_plate_motion.html

2. AGENDA Notes – Earthquakes Faults Finding Epicenter Partner Lab Earthquake Videos

3. I CAN EXPLAIN EARTHQUAKES. EARTHQUAKES

4. EARTHQUAKE An earthquake is the vibration of Earth produced by rapid release of energy along a fault Fault – break or crack in the Earth’s lithosphere Majority of earthquakes happen along transform plate boundaries

5. FAULTS Normal Fault – forms when forces pull rocks apart along a divergent plate boundary; the block of rock above the fault moves down

6. FAULTS Strike-slip Fault – two blocks of rock slide horizontally past each other in opposite directions TRANSFORM BOUNDARY

7. FAULTS Reverse Fault – force pushes two blocks of rock together with the rock above the fault moving up

8. EARTHQUAKE Magnitude : the amount of shaking produced by an earthquake; energy released Richter Scale (1-10) used to rate the magnitude of an earthquake calculated using information gathered by a seismograph Logarithmic scale whole-number jumps indicate a tenfold increase level 6 earthquake is 10 times greater than a level 5 earthquake Mercalli Scale (1-12) Used to measure the amount of damage and measured using roman numerals XII = structures are destroyed; the ground is cracked and other natural disasters, such as landslides or tsunamis, are initiated

9. Seismograph

10. EXTRA QUAKES… A foreshock is a small earthquake that often happens days or years before a major earthquake An aftershock is a small earthquake that follows a major earthquake Microquake or Tremor is below a 3 on the Richter Scale

11. EARTHQUAKES release of energy relates to magnitude, p waves, and s waves Seismic waves – waves that carry energy of an earthquake away from the focus; p waves & s waves P Waves Are p ush- p ull waves that push (compress) and pull (expand) in the direction that the waves travel S Waves Surface waves that move up and down AND side to side motion

13. PARTS OF AN EARTHQUAKE Focus is the point within Earth where the earthquake starts Where the rock under stress breaks to cause an earthquake Epicenter is the location on the surface directly above the focus

14. LOCATING EPICENTER Use triangular data from at least 3 different seismometers or devices that measure and record ground motion and helps determine the distance seismic waves travel Find the time difference between S-waves and P-waves (lag time) Find distance to the epicenter Locate epicenter using a map scale to mark the earthquake radius Intersecting point of all 3 different seismometers

15. WHERE ARE THEY FOUND? On all plate boundaries In the ocean On land Earthquakes in the ocean can cause tsunamis

16. EARTHQUAKES HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=JRBAIPN6AW8

17. AGENDA Notes – Earthquakes Faults Finding Epicenter Partner Lab Earthquake Videos

18. FINDING EPICENTER PARTNER LAB Work with the person next to you to complete the paper lab about finding epicenter Read the directions before you begin and follow them carefully Materials: Pencil Drawing compass BRAIN AND MATH SKILLS

19. HTTP://EARTHQUAKE.USGS.GOV/EARTHQUAKES/ HTTP://WWW.WIRED.COM/2015/09/10-DEAD-MILLIONS-EVACUATED-MASSIVE-CHILE-EARTHQUAKE/ HTTP://NEWS.YAHOO.COM/DEVASTATED-EARTHQUAKE-NEPALS-FRAGILE-WATER-SUPPLY-DANGER- 195321342.HTML;_YLT=AWRC1ZGGN_9VO0WAEF_QTDMD;_YLU=X3ODMTBYNXM5BZY5BGNVBG8DYMYXBHBVCWMZBHZ0AWQDBHNLYWNZCG-- EARTHQUAKES AROUND THE WORLD

20. VIDEO http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VSgB1IWr6O4&fe ature=relmfu

22. EARTHQUAKE LAB Because earthquakes can cause walls to crack, foundations to move and even entire buildings to crumple, engineers incorporate into their structural designs techniques that withstand damage from earthquake forces, for example, cross bracing, large bases and tapered geometry. Earthquake-proof buildings are intended to bend and sway with the motion of earthquakes, or are isolated from the movement by sliders. Engineers come up with an idea, test it, and then re-engineer the structure based on its performance.

23. EARTHQUAKE LAB Work individually as an engineer then in a group (corporation) to construct the TALLEST, most STABLE building Use toothpicks and marshmellows Procedure: 1. Design INDIVIDUALLY the building. Include the number of toothpicks and the number of marshmellows. THE BUILDING MUST BE ATLEAST 4 STORIES HIGH No more than 40 toothpicks and 40 marshmellws per building 2.Students work in groups of 4 to share and discuss their building designs. Groups choose 1 design to build 3.Groups work together to make EXACTLY what is drawn on their paper. 4.Groups calculate the height, width, and VOLUME of their building (done on the “design paper”. 1 toothpick = 1 foot 5. Test building structure in front of class

24. EARTHQUAKE LAB After testing your building, what would you change about the design of your building? In your groups, Make a Pitch! pretend to be engineers and make a flyers to convince a company to let them design a better building or structure. PRESENT ON FRIDAY!!