1. Sanitation- Setting the context, Country Commitment and Enabling Policies on Sanitation Sanitation- Setting the context, Country Commitment and Enabling Policies on Sanitation Javed Ali Khan, DG, Environment Ministry of Environment Government of Pakistan Ministry of Environment

2. Sanitation  Proper sanitation means the promotion of health by safe disposal of excrement, encompassing critical components of sanitation services like privacy, dignity, cleanliness as well as a healthy environment through safe disposal techniques  Pakistan Sanitation Policy, 2006 primarily focuses on safe disposal of liquid and solid wastes; and promotion of health and hygiene practices in the country. The term sanitation, however, extends to cover cleanliness, hygiene, proper collection of liquid and solid wastes and their environmentally sound disposal  Excreta disposal, solid waste management and drainage are inter- related and the impact of improvements in one will be reduced if they are carried out without regard to the others MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT

3. The Scale of the Challenge About 2.5 billion people (42 % ) lack access to basic sanitation (WHO/UNICEF, 2008) An additional 1.8 billion people need to be provided with improved sanitation till 2015 to achieve the MDG In the developing countries, rural communities have less than half the sanitation coverage (37 %) of urban areas (81 %) About 90 % of sewage and 70 % of industrial wastes in developing countries are discharged into water courses without treatment Every day, diarrhoeal disease kills 5,000 children. Every week, it kills 42,000 people. Every one of these deaths is tragic – and preventable Without concerted action, the lack of sanitation will continue to impact the lives of billions of people and impede progress on development

4. IYS 2008 gave us five important messages Sanitation is vital for human health Sanitation generates economic benefits Sanitation contributes to dignity and social development Sanitation protects the environment Improving sanitation is achievable

5. MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT Sanitation coverage (%) UrbanRuralTotal Sanitation Improved Shared Unimproved Opendefecation Improved Shared Unimproved Opendefecation Improved Shared Unimproved Opendefecation 2006904064051045585631 199076412814210743331054 Still 51 Million defecating in open Source:JMP, 2008

6. Considerable improvement in Coverage  71 % access to latrine (PSLM 2006-07)  58 % access to an improved latrine (JMP 2008)  Pakistan is amongst those countries making the most rapid progress in access to sanitation (JMP)  Significant reduction in the incidence of open defecation from 54% (1990) to 31% (2006)  Major gains have been in rural areas, although the urban-rural variation remains significant MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT

7. Quality of service and behavior change  Many latrines not used by all of the people all of the time  Many latrines may not be sanitary in design or use  Many latrines are not maintained in a sanitary manner (i.e. Fecal sludge dumped in fields, drains, nullahs)  The failure to safely contain the excreta of one individual or household can undermine the efforts of others MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT

8. Factors compromising outcomes  Less than 50% sewerage collected and less than 10% treated effectively  This means that 90% of wastewater finds its way into receiving water bodies  In urban areas less than 50% of solid waste is collected and there is no sanitary landfill site  Social mobilizing concepts not institutionalized in the local governments Limited private sector participation MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT

9. Are we meeting the sanitation MDG? MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT

10. What is the cost to Pakistan?  The environmental cost has been estimated at Rs. 112 billion  1 in 11 children will die before reaching the age of 5 (60% attributable to WATSAN diseases)  The health costs from Diarrhea and Typhoid alone amount to 1.8% of GDP MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT

11. Policy foundations  National sanitation policy approved in 2006 following SACOSAN II  Innovative use of performance based instruments  Policies and strategies formulated in all provinces and regions: -Balochistan strategy/action plan stands approved -NWFP Sanitation Policy & Strategy -Punjab Urban Water & Sanitation Policy -Sindh Sanitation Strategy -AJK Sanitation Policy and Strategy -Northern Areas Sanitation Strategy MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT

12. Urban Sanitation-Components in National Sanitation Policy, 2006 Formalization of the Component Sharing and Total Sanitation models Programme for rehabilitation of damaged infrastructure by City governments Needs identification of sanitation / drainage related infrastructure City wide sanitation strategies through City Sanitation Plans for all urban settlements by City governments Mandatory sanitation facilities at public places Close coordination with Katchi Abadi Improvement and Regularisation Programme Promotion of Integrated solid waste management Designation of proper landfill sites for the disposal of solid waste A program for up gradation of informal settlements Public- Private- Civil Society partnership Master Plans for treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater

13. Sector financing (expenditures ) SOURCE: DRAFT PRSP II MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT

14. Sector financing  Between 2001-2006 expenditures increased 122%  In 2001/02 spending 0.11% of GDP; in 2005/06 it was 0.13% and in 2006/07 it grew to 0.19%  But the cost of 2 diseases alone is 1.81% of GDP MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT

15. Strategic sector initiatives  Sector coordination- WSDCG, CLTS core group, WASH Clusters, WESNet  Rural strategy- CLTS and SLTS – going to scale through key partnerships  School sanitation and hygiene  Urban strategy- Orangi Pilot Project/ Lodhran Pilot Project (component sharing taken to scale) MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT

16. Scaling up rural sanitation MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT

17. The Way Forward  IYS 2008 gave additional impetus to build on SACOSAN  Solid progress on IYS targets  Momentum to be sustained after the National Year of Environment  Enhancing sector financing (MTDF 2010-2015)  Setting New targets  Developing National Sanitation Action Plan  Developing essential capacity & strengthening partnerships  Strong focus on addressing challenges of quality services  Translating policies,strategies and action plans to integrated sanitation and hygiene promotion projects & programmes Integrating sanitation with all poverty reduction initiatives and aligning with other sectors such as health and education MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT

18. MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT THANK YOU