1. Lifespan Development 7-9% Of AP Psychology Exam

2. Development is the processes and stages of growth from conception across the lifespan. Development encompasses changes in physical, cognitive, moral and social behaviors.

3. Major Issues in Developmental Psychology Nature and Nurture Robert Plomin says that no two children are born into the same family. Continuity v. Discontinuity Stability v. Change

4. Prenatal Development

5. Fertilization

6. Conception Zygote Blastula Embryo Fetus Age of viability

7. Physical Development- Cephalocaudal Proximodistal

8. Infancy

9. Physical Development Growth Rate declines during infancy but is faster than any post natal period Neo-Natal Reflexes such as: Babinski ( big toe moves toward the top surface of the foot and the other toes fan out after the sole of the foot has been firmly stroked) Moro (startle reflex) Grasping, Stepping, Rooting, Licking, Pursing Withdrawal from pain Maturation and/or Learning These combine to replace reflexes around 2 months of age Critical (now referred to as sensitive) period Optimal (best) time for development of certain capacities

10. EAS Temperament Survey available in Myers’ ancillary (delete if not available) Temperament –basic style of interacting with your world. May be termed as disposition. These are believed to be biological in origin and relatively consistent. (Thomas and Chess, 1977)

11. Social Development Does an individual have someone (something) that brings comfort during distress? Attachment-Attachment is a deep and enduring emotional bond that connects one person to another across time and space (Ainsworth, 1973; Bowlby, 1969).Ainsworth Bowlby Classic Studies: Harry Harlow - Contact Comfort Monkey Love John Bowlby – Attachment attachment 5 mins Mary Ainsworth - Strange Situation Test strange situation test 4 mins

12. Just an additional note: Separation anxiety – emotional distress in many infants when they are separated from people whom they have formed an attachment. Peaks around 14-18 months and then declines. Stranger Anxiety –distress that young children experience when they are exposed to people who are unfamiliar to them. Infants can begin to experience stranger anxiety as young as six months of age, but it usually begins somewhere between eight and nine months of age. Peaks around 12-15 months and declines.

13. Cognitive Development Preference for face-like patterns Visual Cliff Language Memory What are babies thinking? Ted Talks

14. Childhood

15. Physical Development Brain development Growth rate continues to decline Fine motor skills (slower) Examples Gross motor skills (rapid) Examples

16. Social Development Rouge test 3 mins Gender Identity Baby X Studies Gender Role Gender Typing Gender Scheme Theory Egocentrism- Do you have a brother? Does your brother have a brother? Theory of Mind

17. Cognitive Development Learning Associations (Piaget) Rewards (Skinner) Modeling (Bandura) Language Represent world with symbols “Learn to read” Thinking Skills Information Processing

18. Adolescence Who am I?

19. Theories of Adolescence G. Stanley Hall Storm and Stress Topics of Discussion (next slide) Margaret Mead Self-fulfilling Prophesy

20. Family Conflicts Percentage of Male and Female Adolescents Rating Issues as Leading to Family Conflict Eating dinner with family 19.4 Arguing 15.8 Church attendance 15.6 Going around with certain boy or girl 15.3 Being home enough 15.3 Getting to use the car 13.3 Understanding each other 11.4 Responsibility at home 11.2

21. Margaret Mead American cultural anthropologist who featured frequently as an author and speaker in the mass media during the 1960s and 1970s.cultural anthropologist Self –fulfilling prophecy-a prediction that causes itself to come true due to the fact that the prediction was made. This happens because our beliefs influence our actions

22. Physical Development Puberty is the process of physical changes through which a child's body matures into an adult body capable of sexual reproduction.

23. Adolescent Brain

25. Social Development Bonds with peers Dating Personal Fable Major task of Identity Formation Who am I? - Erik Erikson

26. Cognitive Development Capability of logical, hypothetical and abstract thinking Development of introspection Growing awareness of one’s own mental process Metacognition

27. Adult and Later Years

28. Physical Changes Abilities peak and begin a gradual decline Women undergo menopause (hormonal and reproductive changes) Men may undergo some sort of “change” themselves

29. Social Changes Mate selection Parenting (pre-parenting, parenting and Empty-Nest Syndrome) Career Selection Identity Crisis (“mid-life” crisis or “middle age crazy”)

30. Cognitive Changes Reaction times appear to slow Decline in memory Intelligence Fluid- innate abilities independent of experience Crystallized- knowledge acquired through education and experience

31. Later Years

32. Physical Changes General decline in muscle tone and physical abilities Longevity Health and Age Sensory, Motor and Nervous Systems

33. Social Changes Retirement Social isolation

34. Cognitive Changes Declines continue Memory- changes observed in secondary memory (the learning of new material) Fluid Intelligence shows minor decline with age Terminal Drop –a drop in physical and biological functioning that precedes death by about 5 years Dementia- progressive decline in memory, intellectual abilities often accompanied with personality changes (5-15% of adult population)