1. 1. American Music Therapy Association. (2004). Music therapy makes a difference. Retrieved February 22, 2013, from http://www.musictherapy.orghttp://www.musictherapy.org 2. Fontaine, K. L. (2011). Complementary and alternative therapies of nursing practice (3rd Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. 3. Ghetti, C. M. (2011). Active music engagement with emotional-approach coping to improve well-being in liver and kidney transplant recipients. Journal of Music Therapy, 48(4), 463. 4. Good, M., Stanton ‐ Hicks, M., Grass, J. A., Anderson, G. C., Lai, H. L., Roykulcharoen, V., & Adler, P. A. (2001). Relaxation and music to reduce postsurgical pain. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 33(2), 208-215. 5. Madson, A. T., & Silverman, M. J. (2010). The effect of music therapy on relaxation, anxiety, pain perception, and nausea in adult solid organ transplant patients. Journal of Music Therapy, 47(3), 220. 6. Richards, T., Johnson, J., Sparks, A., & Emerson, H. (2007). The effect of music therapy on patients' perception and manifestation of pain, anxiety, and patient satisfaction. Medsurg Nursing, 16(1), 7. Music therapy is a nonpharmacologic method that can be used to treat pain and decrease stress and anxiety in hospitalized patients.. Music therapy aims to promote relaxation, alteration in mood, a sense of control and self expression. Music therapy enhances communication of complex feelings when words are not capable to do so. Although music as a healing source has been around for thousands of years, music therapy has been an established medical practice since the 1950s, with degree programs offered by several universities (American Music Therapy Association, 2004). Music therapy techniques include various forms such as, listening to both live and recorded music, composing or re-creating music with singing or playing of instruments and improvising music (Fontaine, 2011). Music therapy may be conducted in a group setting or on an individual basis. The potential for music to reduce anxiety, alleviate pain and improve patient satisfaction may have an impact in today’s healthcare environment (Richards, Johnson, Sparks, and Emerson, 2007). Solid organ transplant patients will be hospitalized for days and many times weeks after their initial transplant surgery. Organ transplant recipients characteristically experience low levels of relaxation and high levels of anxiety, pain, and nausea (Madson & Silverman, 2010). Stress and bodily pain are important problems after organ transplant, affecting daily living even in patients with good allograft function and it limits physical function, vitality, and general health. Despite improvements in pharmacologic treatments, managing a patient’s pain and anxiety in the acute care setting is an ongoing challenge, with great potential impact on patient satisfaction. Madson & Silverman (2010) reported their research resulted in music therapy being as viable psychosocial intervention for hospitalized postoperative solid organ transplant patients. The research used a 10-point Likert-type scale measuring pre and post intervention self reported levels of relaxation, anxiety, pain, and nausea using music therapy. Patients received music therapy consisting of live patient preferred music. There was no reliability measure, but there were increases in positive effect and positive verbalizations. All participants reported they desired having music therapy again. Good et al. (2001) found pain associated with postoperative ambulation was decreased significantly from day 1 to day 2 with use of music therapy and jaw relaxation techniques. 468 patients were randomly assigned to one of four groups; relaxation, music, their combination, and control after abdominal surgery. They concluded all were effective for pain across ambulation on each day, with decreased pain by day 2. Postoperative testing was at ambulation and rest on days 1 and 2 using visual analogue (VAS) sensation and distress of pain scales. Ghetti (2011) conducted a randomized, controlled trial aimed to use Active Music Engagement with Emotional-Approach Coping to improve well-being in post-operative liver and kidney transplant recipients. With 29 participants, results indicated that music therapy using Emotional-Approach Coping led to significant increases in positive affect, music therapy using Active Music Engagement led to significant decreases in pain, and both conditions led to significant decreases in negative affect, an indicator of perceived stress/anxiety. Music Therapy for Pain and Stress Management in Solid Organ Transplant Patients Katherine Jones CAM Poster Indiana University School of Nursing RN-BSN Challenge Research Music Therapy Overview Proposal References Music therapy will be offered to solid organ transplant patients for improved pain management and stress reduction. Music will be available to patients in the form of preferred recorded music and live music presentations. Music will be available to patients in both individual and group sessions. The goal is to reduce self reported pain ratings, self reported stress levels and increase overall patient satisfaction. Plan Coordinate programs with IU Health affiliated Music Therapists Schedule weekly live music presentations on Solid Organ Transplant Unit with Music Therapist providing both listening and active participation for patients Develop computer based music library and provide individual listening devices such as mp3 players for private preferred music listening available at all times Assess all patient’s desire to participate in music therapy and provide educational information both written and verbal of music therapy benefits for pain and stress reduction Consult IU Health affiliated Music Therapist for individual patient music therapy needs and requests and initiate research studies on music therapy for solid organ transplant patients “Music and rhythm find their way into the secret places of the soul ” Plato