1. Session 5 © DCAF/ISSAT SESSION 5: Case Study The Republic of Burundi

2. Session 5 © DCAF/ISSAT Case study: SSR and the politics of peacebuilding in Burundi

3. Session 5 © DCAF/ISSAT Case study: SSR and the politics of peacebuilding in Burundi Burundi country brief Reference: ISSAT Background Note - Security Sector Reform in the Republic of Burundi Group assignments – Four groups, each representing a stakeholder in the SSR process – Tasking sheet with specific guidance for each group Break Group work (2h30) – Preparation of group presentations – Brief coordination session: one representative of each group Lunch break Group presentations / discussion / debrief

4. Session 5 © DCAF/ISSAT Case study: SSR and the politics of peacebuilding in Burundi

5. Session 5 © DCAF/ISSAT Country brief General Overview Peace Process Post-transition Security Sector Challenges and Opportunities

6. Session 5 © DCAF/ISSAT Country brief - Overview One of the poorest countries in the world o GDP per capita: $600 o National budget: 42% financed by aid Estimated population: 11 millon; 45.6 % in the 0-14 age bracket, 2.5% 65 years or older Economy and society deeply affected by years of internal conflict

7. Session 5 © DCAF/ISSAT Country brief – Peace Process Protracted peace process – Arusha signed in 2000 – CNDD-FDD enters the process in 2003 – PALIPEHUTU-FNL enters the process late 2006 International community heavily involved – Regional actors – United Nations – Bilaterals DDR and SSR provisions in peace and cease-fire agreements – Transition enablers – Highly politicised processes

8. Session 5 © DCAF/ISSAT Country brief – Post-Transition End of the transition: 2005 – New Constitution – Elections New government’s agenda: “Normalisation” – From peacekeeping to peacebuilding – From peacebuilding to peace consolidation & development Power consolidation – Elections 2010: opposition parties boycott  none in Parliament – Shift in approach to handling opposition from “guerrilla tactics” to “lock down” of political space through new legislation

9. Session 5 © DCAF/ISSAT Country brief - Security Sector State providers Non-state providers State oversight Non-state oversight SECURITY AND JUSTICE PROVIDERS GOVERNANCE, OVERSIGHT AND MANAGEMENT BODIES STATE NON-STATE

10. Session 5 © DCAF/ISSAT Country brief – SSR Priorities Consolidation and sustainment of gains made to date – Successful integration of former foes – On-going efforts at professionalisation of personnel – Improved relations with the population – Gradual opening of the sector to civilian oversight – Publication of the first National Security Policy (2013) Shift from “train and equip” to structural reforms – Legal framework – Behavioural change Capacity building and empowerment of oversight bodies – Internal – External (state and non-state)

11. Session 5 © DCAF/ISSAT Challenges and Opportunities Generally Separation of powers Impunity Access to justice Land issues Corruption Shrinking political space Instability in neighbouring Eastern DRC In the lead up to the 2015 elections Renewed insecurity and political violence Neutrality of statutory security institutions

12. Session 5 © DCAF/ISSAT Remember Context matters No security, no development 1 – 2 - 3 Governance is at the heart of successful SSR SSR is key to peace consolidation

13. Session 5 © DCAF/ISSAT EXERCISE

14. Exercise: SSR and the politics of peacebuilding in Burundi Task & focus You will take on the role of one of the key actors working on SSR and prepare for the participation of your principal in a meeting slated to discuss the future of international assistance to SSR in Burundi. Four groups 1.Permanent Secretary of the National Security Council 2.Director of civil society organisation CENAP 3.First Secretary of the Embassy of the Netherlands 4.Burundi Country Officer of the Peacebuilding Support Office Group assignments Tasking sheet with specific guidance for each group.

15. Session 5 © DCAF/ISSAT Exercise: SSR and the politics of peacebuilding in Burundi TIME LINE 09:30-12:00Group work - Preparation of group presentations References:  Day 1 material  ISSAT Background Note - Security Sector Reform in the Republic of Burundi  Tasking sheet - Consultations with other groups (one representative per group) 12:00-13:00Lunch break 13:00-14:40Group presentations / discussion 14:40-15:00Debrief

16. Session 5 © DCAF/ISSAT EXERCISE DEBRIEF

17. Session 5 © DCAF/ISSAT Exercise: SSR and the politics of peacebuilding in Burundi DEBRIEF