1. SMOKING (NICOTINE)
HEALTH

2. Cigarette smoking is the #1 leading cause for preventable death and disability in the U.S.
The addictive drug found in cigarettes is nicotine

3. Smoking
Organs Affected by Smoking:
Nose, throat, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Also called the respiratory tract.

4. Smoking
Prevalence: 22.3% of Americans smoke. Equivalent to 67.2 million people in USA
Lifetime risk of Smoking: 1 in 2 chance of dying from a smoking-related disease.
The average smoker will show an increase of about 20 beats per minute (bpm’s). The effect of a cigarette usually lasts about ½ hour.
Worldwide prevalence: 1.3 billion people smoke worldwide.
Average life years lost for Smoking: 12 years

5. Smoking
Statistics: those who smoke 2 or more packs a day have a 2x mortality rate than nonsmokers
10x greater chance for lung cancer than nonsmoker’s
2x greater chance for heart attacks
6x greater for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (COPD)

6. Smoking Chronic bronchitis Emphysema Linked to heart disease
Conditions:
Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema
Linked to heart disease
Linked to artery disease
Wide variety of cancers
Deaths: 440,000 annual deaths in US each year are smoking-associated (CDC). Equivalent to 36,666 per month, 8,461 per week, 1,205 per day, 50 per hour, almost 1 per second.

7. Why do people smoke?
On a sheet of paper, fold it in half lengthwise making 2 columns.
On one side, list 5 reasons why you think people smoke.
On the other side, list 5 ways you think those who do smoke, could quit smoking.

8. Smoking
Chronic smoking-related conditions:
Bronchitis - heavy mucous production as a result of infected bronchus. Causes deep, harsh coughing. Clogging of the air passageways.
Emphysema - affects the air sacs which affect the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen which leads to breathlessness.

9. Smoking
Chronic smoking-related conditions:
Heart disease - may lead to a heart attack, or high blood pressure.
Pregnancy - may be responsible for low birth weight and premature babies, due to a reduced level of oxygen.
Lung cancer - destroys the cells and activates the cancer cells to multiply.

10. Lung Conditions

11. Chemicals in cigarettes

12. Smoking and its effects
Nicotine is a CNS stimulant
Increase in heart rate
Increase in blood pressure causing vasoconstriction
Affects air exchange in lungs
Decreases skin temperature of fingers and toes
Increases activity of the sympathetic nervous system

13. Chemicals in cigarettes
Carcinogen – anything that is known to cause cancer
#1 Carcinogen in cigarettes is Benzopyrene
There are more than 4-6,000 different chemicals found in cigarettes with approximately known to cause cancers

14. Chemicals in cigarettes
92% of cigarette smoke is in the form of a gas.
Examples: carbon monoxide, ammonia, formaldehyde
8% is in the form of a solid
Examples: tobacco, tars, fillers in the cigarette for taste
Hemoglobin – carries and delivers Oxygen to the cells. Carbon monoxide has an affinity (liking or an attraction for) 245X greater than for oxygen
Carbon monoxide – colorless, odorless gas in smoke

15. Definitions
Cilia – hair like projections. They sweep the lungs from debris and other particles. They sweep it to the esophagus and then to the throat. They are covered with mucus on the ends to trap the debris.
Smoking first neutralizes the cilia, then eventually paralyzes them. Hence, the reason for the “Smoker’s cough.” Phlegm is produced as a result of the back up of materials in the lungs making smoker’s susceptible to upper respiratory infections.

16. Types of smoke
Mainstream smoke – The smoke that is inhaled and then exhaled from the smoker's lungs
Second hand smoke – the smoke sent into the air as the cigarette is lit. Also called Environmental Tobacco smoke (ETS). May cause cancers in nonsmoker’s
Passive smoke – air around you is filled with the smoke exhaled from the smoker
Sidestream smoke – the smoke that enters the air directly from the burning end of a cigarette, cigar, or pipe.

17. Pregnant women and infants
Exposure to nicotine is extremely hazardous to a developing fetus.
Immediate effects passed on to the fetus include increased heart rate, and a reduction of oxygen
Increased risk for miscarriages
Increased risk for low birth weight and premature babies with breathing problems
Higher incidence for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

18. Children and smoking
Behavior-related issues common in children of smoking mothers:
Attention deficit disorder
Hyperactivity
Aggression
Asthma
Increased likelihood of becoming a smoker

19. Symptoms for when quitting
An intense craving for nicotine
Anxiety, tension, or irritability
Difficulty concentrating
Drowsiness and trouble sleeping
Headaches
Increased appetite and weight gain as nicotine suppresses or reduces a person’s appetite

20. Nicotine Replacement Therapies
Gum
Inhalers
Lozenges
Nasal sprays
Skin patch
E-cigarette

21. Smokeless tobacco products
Chewing tobacco – chew the tobacco leaves
Dip or snuff – small packets of tobacco stored between your cheek and gum
Pouch – gets wet with saliva and the taste of tobacco fills the mouth

22. Quitting and reduced effects
Quitting smoking cuts cardiovascular risks. Just 1 year after quitting smoking, your risk for a heart attack drops sharply.
Within 2 to 5 years after quitting smoking, your risk for stroke could fall to about the same as a nonsmoker’s.
If you quit smoking, your risks for cancers of the mouth, throat, esophagus, and bladder drop by half within 5 years.
Ten years after you quit smoking, your risk for lung cancer drops by half.

23. Other reasons for not smoking
Smoking gives you bad breath and dulls the taste buds after just one cigarette
Smoking makes your clothes and hair smell
Smoking turns your teeth and fingernails yellow
Smoking makes your skin look grey and unhealthy
Smoking can produce a hacking cough with lots of phlegm. Really attractive!
Smoking zaps your energy for sports and other activities.