1. Cardiovascular System

2. The Heart

4. Blood Flow Through the Heart

6. Heart Valves

7. Control of the Heartbeat Sinoatrial node (SA node) – “pacemaker” of the heart – Regulates the contraction of the entire heart Atrioventricular node (AV node) – Relays electrical impulses to the ventricles SA node and AV node work together to create a heartbeat

8. Control of the Heartbeat Pulse – a series of pressure waves within an artery caused by the contraction of the left ventricle

9. Activity Determining Heart Rate – Have a partner take your pulse for 15 seconds while seated. – Calculate beats per minute. – Have a partner take your pulse for 15 seconds while standing. – Calculate beats per minute. – Jog in place for one minute. Have your partner take your pulse for 15 seconds after jogging. – Calculate beats per minute. Was your pulse different in each situation? What might cause your heartbeat to change in each situation?

10. Self Quiz!

11. Heart Problems Atherosclerosis – a disease characterized by the build up of fatty materials on the interior walls of coronary arteries Atherosclerosis or blood clots can cause heart attacks

12. Heart Attack (myocardial infarction)

13. Blood

14. Blood Types

16. Blood Typing Game http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medi cine/bloodtypinggame/index.html http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medi cine/bloodtypinggame/index.html

17. Blood Disorders Sickle Cell Anemia Anemia Hemophilia

18. The Body’s Defense Systems Immune System!

19. Pathogen Any agent that causes disease – Bacteria – Viruses – Fungus – Protist – Parasite

20. First Line of Defense Barriers – Skin Physical barrier – Mucus membranes Mucus traps pathogens

21. Second Line of Defense Nonspecific Immunity Inflammatory response – suppresses infection

22. Second Line of Defense Temperature response – moderate fever may slow bacterial and viral growth Prolonged or very high fever are dangerous – Destroys important proteins – Can lead to death

23. Immune System: Specific Defenses Recognize pathogens Immune response Memory and immunity

25. Recognize Pathogens Antigen – any substance that the immune system can recognize and react with Antigens cause Lymphocytes (B cells and T cells) to react Lymphocytes bind to antigen and start attack (immune response)

26. Immune Response Helper T cell engulfs pathogen – helps other cells recognize antigens Killer T cells (cytotoxic T cells) recognize and destroy infected cells Plasma cells make defensive proteins called antibodies Antibodies bind to specific antigens on the pathogen – makes them inactive

27. Immunity Memory cells are created after an immune response Next time body exposed to pathogen, antibodies produced very quickly to protect

28. Disease Reminder: Pathogen = Any agent that causes disease – Bacteria – Viruses – Fungus – Protist – Parasite

29. Infectious Diseases Bacterial – Strep throat – Cholera – Necrotizing fasciitis (flesh eating disease) Virus – Chicken pox/ shingles – HIV – Ebola Fungus – Athletes foot Protist – Malaria Parasite – Tapeworm

30. Strep Throat Bacterial infection Caused by streptococcus Treated with antibiotics

31. Cholera Waterborne disease Transmitted through fecal matter Severe dehydration Can be fatal

32. Flesh Eating Disease Necrotizing fasciitis Destroys skin, fat, tissue Immunocompromised

33. Chicken Pox Varicella zoster virus Highly contagious Skin rash Vaccine Can develop into shingles – Herpes zoster

34. HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Causes the condition AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) Spread through bodily fluids

35. Ebola Ebola hemorrhagic fever RNA virus Often fatal

36. Athlete’s Foot Fungal infection of the feet Scaling, flaking, itching of skin Transmissible

37. Malaria Common in the tropics Mosquitos are vectors Caused by plasmodium

39. Tapeworm Parasite Contaminated food Live in digestive tract

40. Activity Simulating an epidemic