1. Operate Conditioning B.F. Skinner

2. Operate Conditioning  Main Idea  Operate Conditioning Occurs when the consequences that follow a behavior in crease or decrease the likelihood of that behavior.  Main Psychologist  B.F. Skinner: Believes that most behavior is influenced by a person’s history of rewards and punishment.  Skinner box: Built by Skinner it taught rats to do tasks with positive reinforcers

4. Operate Conditioning  Primary and Secondary Reinforcers  Primary: natural  Secondary: paired with the primary reinforcer through Classical Conditioning has acquired value  Wolfe (1936)  Chimps and Poker Chips  In experiment Wolfe taught the chimps to use the Poker Chips in order to get food.  They would put the poker chip in a slot and food would drop out  Chimps started to collect the chips and steal from others (chips now have value)

5. Operate Conditioning  Schedules of Reinforcement  Rule of thumb: fixed ratio for short term change, Variable Ratio for long-term change  School Example: Stickers, candy  Fixed Interval, and Variable interval  Test, Quiz example  Ratio schedules = # of responses  Interval schedules = # of times

6. Operate Conditioning  Shaping and Chaining:  Shaping: New response is learned out of old responses.  Rat and raise the flag.  Chaining: Base skills form to create a larger one

7. Operate Conditioning  Adverse Control  Negative Reinforcement two types:  Escape Conditioning: Liver example  Avoidance Conditioning: Liver example when adult

8. Operate Conditioning  Punishment  Disadvantages: Rage, aggression, and fear  Also more common to suppress than correct  More need for coaching and modeling.