2. Make a Sperm and Ovum

4. Female Mons Pubis Labia Urethra Perineum Vagina Cervix Uterus Endometrium Fallopian tubes Ovaries Ovum Male Scrotum Testicle Sperm Epididymis Vas Deferens Seminal Vesicles Prostate Gland Cowper Gland Ejaculation Semen Seminal Fluid Urethra Urinary Bladder Penis

5. A five year old girl asked the question that every parent dreads, “Mommy, how are babies made?” The mom did her best to explain, but the daughter still looked confused. “But what about kittens?” she asked. “Well, it is exactly the same way.” I said. “Wow!” she said excitedly, “My Daddy can do anything!”

8. SEYMOUR and OLIVIA STORY

9. 5. FERTILIZATION / Conception The end purpose for the ova and the sperm When the sperm penetrates the surface of the ova and enters inside. The 23 chromosomes from each sex cell combine and begin to multiply to begin to form a new human being!!!

10. During Menstruation Days 1-5 Menstruation occurs and the lining of the uterus, with a small amount of blood, leaves the body. At this time, another egg is maturing in the ovary. The Menstrual Cycle

11. After Menstruation Days 6-15 The lining of the uterus repairs itself and once again prepares for a fertilized egg. Around days 13-15 an egg is released from an ovary. This is called OVULATION The Menstrual Cycle

12. Before Menstruation Days 16-28 If the egg is fertilized by the male sperm cell, it embeds itself in the wall of the uterus (endometrium lining). If the egg is not fertilized, the blood vessels in the wall of the uterus shrinks and breaks down. The menstruation cycle begins again.

14. 6. Menstrual Cycle and 7. Day 1 – Menstruation begins (bleeding) Day 1 – Menstruation begins (bleeding) Day 1-5 – Bleeding Continues Day 1-5 – Bleeding Continues Day 6-9 - Ovum is maturing and endometrium lining is thin Day 6-9 - Ovum is maturing and endometrium lining is thin Day 10 – 14 - Endometrium lining thickens and hormones rise. Day 10 – 14 - Endometrium lining thickens and hormones rise. – Around Day 14 – Ovum bursts out of the ovary Day 15 – After 24 hours the egg is done Day 15 – After 24 hours the egg is done Day 15-28 – Egg travels down to thickened lining and either is implanted or it dissolves Day 15-28 – Egg travels down to thickened lining and either is implanted or it dissolves – Day 26 – In the absence of fertilization, hormone levels drop and the endometrium lining breaks down – Day 28 – Menstruation prepares to begin again.

15. Related Menstrual Terms Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FHS): a substance which brings to life a few of the ovum in one of the ovaries. Luteinizing Hormone (LH): causes the follicle to burst, and allows ovum to fall into the opening of the fallopian tube. Ova –plural, Ovum—singular: the female reproductive cell. Ovaries: organs holding a woman’s eggs. Estrogen: the hormone responsible for secondary sex characteristics and for the sex drive in females. The “egg producing” hormone. Progesterone: builds up the lining of the uterus to prepare it for the fertilized ovum.; the “egg-setting” hormone. Ovulation: time when the egg is released from the ovary.

17. Male Anatomy

18. 6. Scrotum A sac-like pouch located behind the penis that holds each testes and helps regulate temperature for sperm production. A sac-like pouch located behind the penis that holds each testes and helps regulate temperature for sperm production.

19. 10. Testicles or Testes The two testes are small organs that lie in the scrotum and produce sperm and the male hormone testosterone. The two testes are small organs that lie in the scrotum and produce sperm and the male hormone testosterone. The testicles are the male sex gland. The testicles are the male sex gland. The testicles are outside the body because the male sperm that is manufactured in the testes need cooler-than-body temperature for normal growth and development. The testicles are outside the body because the male sperm that is manufactured in the testes need cooler-than-body temperature for normal growth and development. They are the counterpart to the female ovary. They are the counterpart to the female ovary. Loss of one does not impair the function of the other. Loss of one does not impair the function of the other. Four to five billion sperm cells are produced each month. Four to five billion sperm cells are produced each month.

20. 11. Testosterone The male reproductive hormone made by the testicles which causes the changes of puberty. The male reproductive hormone made by the testicles which causes the changes of puberty. This hormone causes secondary sex characteristics, production of sperm and sexual urge. This hormone causes secondary sex characteristics, production of sperm and sexual urge. It is produced in the testicles and enters the bloodstream at a fairly constant rate. It is produced in the testicles and enters the bloodstream at a fairly constant rate.

21. 9. Sperm The microscopic cells produced by the male's testicles which can fertilize the female's ovum. The microscopic cells produced by the male's testicles which can fertilize the female's ovum. They are tiny, living cells 100 times smaller than a pencil dot. (the smallest cell in a mans body They are tiny, living cells 100 times smaller than a pencil dot. (the smallest cell in a mans body Enough sperm would fit on the head of a pin to re-populate the earth if each sperm fertilized an egg. Enough sperm would fit on the head of a pin to re-populate the earth if each sperm fertilized an egg. It is destroyed by warm body temperature, acidic environment. It is destroyed by warm body temperature, acidic environment. It can survive in a women’s body for 5-8 days. It can survive in a women’s body for 5-8 days. Any sperm not ejaculated are passed in the urine. Any sperm not ejaculated are passed in the urine.

22. Swimming for your life A sperm is a tiny package with a big responsibility – to fertilize the egg and create a human life. So that tiny package is loaded with “gear” for its important journey. A few facts: Daily sperm production by a healthy man: 10 million to 50 million Contents of average ejaculation: 50 million sperm; 25 million moving; 20 million deformed Maturation: 72 hours Average swimming speed of a sperm: 8 inches per hour

23. 3. Epididymis The structure that forms a mass over the back and upper part of each testes. The structure that forms a mass over the back and upper part of each testes. Sperm are stored there for as long as six weeks while they ripen to maturity. Sperm are stored there for as long as six weeks while they ripen to maturity.

24. 1. Cowpers Gland Two small pea-sized glands located beneath the prostate gland on both sides of the base of the penis. Two small pea-sized glands located beneath the prostate gland on both sides of the base of the penis. They secrete a clear, sticky fluid that helps to neutralize the acidity of the urethra. They secrete a clear, sticky fluid that helps to neutralize the acidity of the urethra.

25. 12. Vas Deferens two long, thin tubes that serve as a passageway for sperm and a place for sperm storage. two long, thin tubes that serve as a passageway for sperm and a place for sperm storage. The contraction of the vas deferens along with the action of the cilia help transport the sperm through the vas deferens. The contraction of the vas deferens along with the action of the cilia help transport the sperm through the vas deferens.

26. 8. Seminal Vesicles two small glands that secrete a fluid that nourishes and enables the sperm to move. two small glands that secrete a fluid that nourishes and enables the sperm to move.

27. 5. Prostate Gland surround the urethra beneath the bladder. The gland secretes an alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acid found in the male urethra and the female reproductive tract. surround the urethra beneath the bladder. The gland secretes an alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acid found in the male urethra and the female reproductive tract. Without the action of the secretions of the prostate gland, many sperm would die and fertilization of an ovum would be impossible. Without the action of the secretions of the prostate gland, many sperm would die and fertilization of an ovum would be impossible.

28. 13. Urethra A dual purpose tube that both semen and urine pass through to leave the body. Semen and urine never mix. A dual purpose tube that both semen and urine pass through to leave the body. Semen and urine never mix. Special muscles or sphincters surround the urethra. Special muscles or sphincters surround the urethra. During urination, one sphincter will relax so that the pressure from the bladder will push urine out from the body. During urination, one sphincter will relax so that the pressure from the bladder will push urine out from the body. During ejaculation, another sphincter will relax so that semen can flow through the urethra to the outside of the body. During ejaculation, another sphincter will relax so that semen can flow through the urethra to the outside of the body.

29. 4. Penis The male organ for sexual intercourse, reproduction, and urination. The male organ for sexual intercourse, reproduction, and urination. The reproductive purpose of the penis is to deposit semen in the vagina during sexual intercourse. The reproductive purpose of the penis is to deposit semen in the vagina during sexual intercourse. The head of the penis or glans contains many nerve endings. At birth the glans is covered by a loosely fitting skin called the foreskin. The head of the penis or glans contains many nerve endings. At birth the glans is covered by a loosely fitting skin called the foreskin. When the penis is erect it is 5-7 inches long An erection occurs when the sponge-like chambers in the penis fill with blood. When the penis is erect it is 5-7 inches long An erection occurs when the sponge-like chambers in the penis fill with blood.

30. 7. SEMEN: a combination of fluid that is produced in the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and Cowper's gland. This fluid nourishes and helps sperm move through the urethra. a combination of fluid that is produced in the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and Cowper's gland. This fluid nourishes and helps sperm move through the urethra.

31. 2. EJACULATION the passage of sperm from the penis, a result of a series of muscular contractions. the passage of sperm from the penis, a result of a series of muscular contractions.

32. External Male Reproductive Testosterone: the male reproductive hormone made by the testicles which causes the changes of puberty. Penis: the organ of transfer of sperm to female. Scrotum: pouch-like sac holding both testicles in a separate compartment that hang underneath the penis. Testicles – Testes Gland: two glands in the male, located in the scrotum, which produce male hormones (testosterone).

33. Internal Male Organs Sperm: the microscopic cells produced by the male’s testicles which can fertilize the female’s ovum. Prostate Gland: a man’s gland that helps make semen. Cowper’s Glands: behind the base of the penis which secretes fluid to make semen and neutralize acid during sexual excitement. Ejaculatory duct: a short straight tube that passes into the prostate gland and opens into the urethra.

34. Urethra: a tube that connects with the vas deferen to carry sperm cells out of the body. Epididymis: the structure that forms a mass over the back and upper part of each testes. Vas Deferens (singular): two tubes leading from the epididymis to the seminal vesicles. Seminal Vesicles: two pouch- like structures which serve to store mature sperm until ejaculated.

35. Other related concerns Circumcision: A process that surgically removes the flap of skin that covers the glans of the penis. Semen: the thick, sticky fluid which contains sperm ejaculated by the male from the penis during orgasm (climax). Nocturnal Emissions: normal, involuntary ejaculation of semen and sperm while a male is asleep. Impotence: the failure to get or maintain an erection Vasectomy: surgical procedure for sterilization of the male.

37. External Female Anatomy Vulva: woman’s external genital area. Pudendum or Pubes: the area in the body where the sex organs are located. Mons Pubis: a mound of fatty tissue which covers the pubic bone. Labia Majora: (large lips) two folds of skin running from the mons pubis to below the vaginal opening Labia Minora: two smaller folds of tissue which lie just within the labia majora. Clitoris: a small, pea-shaped bump at the front of the labia that contains erectile tissue (counter part to male penis.) Urethra: below the clitoris, the opening to the bladder.

38. Internal Organs Hymen: a narrow fold of tissue encircling the entrance to the vagina. Vagina: passageway between the uterus and the outside of a woman’s body. Cervix: Opening from the uterus to the vagina. Uterus: place where the baby grows in a woman’s abdomen. Oviducts (Fallopian Tubes): two tubular structures leading from the ovaries to the uterus Ovaries: organs holding a woman’s eggs.

39. Front View Front View

40. Internal Female Anatomy—

41. 9. Ovary (Ovaries) Two solid egg-shaped structures Two solid egg-shaped structures They are attached to the uterus by ligaments. They are the counterpart of the male testicles. They are attached to the uterus by ligaments. They are the counterpart of the male testicles. Ovaries have two main functions: #1-store and release the ova or female egg cell. Some of the ova disappear; others are dormant until each is ripened and released after puberty. Ovaries have two main functions: #1-store and release the ova or female egg cell. Some of the ova disappear; others are dormant until each is ripened and released after puberty. #2-produce female sex hormones ESTROGEN and PROGESTERONE

42. 8. Ova The female reproductive cell. The female reproductive cell. They are the largest cells in the female body. (about the size of a grain of sand.) They are the largest cells in the female body. (about the size of a grain of sand.) The female baby is born with all the ova she will ever have (about 200,000 in each ovary). The female baby is born with all the ova she will ever have (about 200,000 in each ovary). About 400-500 ova mature and are released over a lifetime About 400-500 ova mature and are released over a lifetime

43. 4. Estrogen Estrogen is responsible for the secondary sex characteristics and the sex drive in females. It spurs the onset of puberty and is responsible for OVULATION. Estrogen is responsible for the secondary sex characteristics and the sex drive in females. It spurs the onset of puberty and is responsible for OVULATION.

44. 12. Progesterone Progesterone builds up the lining of the uterus called the endometrium in preparation for the fertilized ovum Progesterone builds up the lining of the uterus called the endometrium in preparation for the fertilized ovum

45. 11. Ovulation When the egg is released from the ovary. When the egg is released from the ovary. At the age of puberty At the age of puberty The ovum moves to the surface of the ovary in bursts out The ovum moves to the surface of the ovary in bursts out The ova falls into the fallopian tube and waits for fertilization The ova falls into the fallopian tube and waits for fertilization This happens every 28 days This happens every 28 days It happens at about the 14 th day of the cycle It happens at about the 14 th day of the cycle

46. 10. FALLOPIAN TUBES (oviducts) Two tubes attached on either side of the uterus. Two tubes attached on either side of the uterus. They are about four inches long and 3/16 inch in diameter (the size of a cooked spaghetti noodle). They are about four inches long and 3/16 inch in diameter (the size of a cooked spaghetti noodle). The oviducts carry egg cells toward the uterus and sperm cells toward the egg cell. The oviducts carry egg cells toward the uterus and sperm cells toward the egg cell. Fertilization takes place in the upper third of the oviduct. Fertilization takes place in the upper third of the oviduct.

47. 14. Uterus A hollow, muscular organ ( shaped somewhat like an upside-down pear, about the size of a fist). A hollow, muscular organ ( shaped somewhat like an upside-down pear, about the size of a fist). The uterus is lined with endometrium (a blood lining.) The uterus is lined with endometrium (a blood lining.) The uterus has one main function—to protect and nourish a fetus The uterus has one main function—to protect and nourish a fetus The walls of the uterus have the ability to stretch to the size of a small watermelon. The walls of the uterus have the ability to stretch to the size of a small watermelon. After childbirth the uterus shrinks back to the original shape in 6-8 weeks, but it can take up to nine months for the uterus to fully recover. After childbirth the uterus shrinks back to the original shape in 6-8 weeks, but it can take up to nine months for the uterus to fully recover.

48. 1. Cervix The neck or opening of the uterus. The neck or opening of the uterus. A normal healthy cervix is the strongest muscle in the body. A normal healthy cervix is the strongest muscle in the body. It dips down about half an inch into the vagina. It dips down about half an inch into the vagina. It is normally plugged by mucus. It stays tightly closed during pregnancy, but thins and opens for the delivery of the baby. It is normally plugged by mucus. It stays tightly closed during pregnancy, but thins and opens for the delivery of the baby. How big does it need to dilate to for birth? How big does it need to dilate to for birth?

49. 15. Vagina Female organ used for intercourse, it is an empty passageway leading from the vaginal opening to the uterus. Female organ used for intercourse, it is an empty passageway leading from the vaginal opening to the uterus. It is only 3-4 inches long, but will lengthen during arousal. It is only 3-4 inches long, but will lengthen during arousal. The vaginal walls are made of many small folds of membrane that stretch greatly to accommodate a baby during birth. The vaginal walls are made of many small folds of membrane that stretch greatly to accommodate a baby during birth. The vaginal wall also secrete a fluid that helps to make intercourse easier. The vaginal wall also secrete a fluid that helps to make intercourse easier.

50. 13. Urethra The opening to the bladder The opening to the bladder

51. 3. ENDOMETRIUM The lining of the uterus. During menstruation, it is what sloughs off. During pregnancy it thickens and provide the place of implantation for the fertilized ova.

52. Other related concerns D&C: dilation and curettage, a common minor operation on women. Endometriosis: fragments of the endometrium in abnormal places. Orgasm: characterized by the massive release of muscle tension which has built up during excitement. Dysmenorrhea: painful mentruation Hysterectomy: surgical removal of uterus.

53. Tubal Ligation: an operation for sterilization of women. PMS: premenstrual syndrome. Menstrual Cycle: the process of passing the blood and tissue lining of the uterus from the body. Toxic Shock Syndrome: caused by bacteria that live in the vagina, which then multiply and causes infection. Menopause: the remaining ova no longer ripen or develop.