1. Pharmacobotany II. Practice 2

2. Phylum: SPERMATOPHYTA Subph.: CONIFEROPHYTINA (CONIFERS) Familia: Ginkgoaceae Ginkgo family

3. Ginkgo biloba – ginkgo / maidenhair tree

4. Ginkgo biloba ginkgo ginkgetin, ginkgolide stimulates blood circulation in brain

5. Ginkgo and Zsolnay

6. Classis: CONIFEROPSIDA Familia: Cupressaceae Cypress family

7. Biota orientalis oriental arborvitae Subf.: Thujoideae

8. Biota orientalis – oriental arborvitae essential oil, ! contact dermatitis, allergy

9. Thuja occidentalis eastern arborvitae

11. Classis: CONIFEROPSIDA Ordo: Coniferales (Pinales) Familia: Abietaceae (Pinaceae) – Pine family

12. Pinus sylvestris – Scots pine

13. Pinus sylvestris

14. Pinus sylvestris inflorescences male/staminate female/pistillate essential oil, resin, shoot tips, leaves

15. Pinus sylvestris - saccate pollen pollen saccus

16. Pinus sylvestris : resin duct

17. Pinus nigra – European black pine

18. Pinus nigra saccate pollen

19. Pinus nigra needle cross-section shizogenous resin duct vascular bundle xeromorphic stoma

20. GYMNOSPERMSANGIOSPERMS Stem: woodyherbaceous or woody Homoxylous wood: only tracheids Heteroxylous wood: tracheids + tracheas Phloem: sieve cellssieve tubes Flowers: separate male/staminate and female/pistillate flowers usually bisexual (staminate and pistillate structures in 1 flower) Perianth: often reduced or missing calyx + corolla OR perigonium (tepals) Pollination: by windby insects (birds, bats etc.) Pollen deposited on ovuledeposited on stigma Nutritive tissue: endospermendosperm + cotyledons Cotyledons: variable (2-24)1 (monocots) or 2 (dicots)

21. Subphylum: ANGIOSPERMATOPHYTINA Angiosperms Classis: I. Dicotyledonopsida II. Monocotyledonopsida

22. Classis: I. Dicotyledonopsida Ranunculaceae - buttercup family

23. Ranunculaceae Flower: Ca 5 Co 5 A  G  Ca = calyx Co = corolla A = androeceum G = gynoeceum → fruit: aggregate of achenes P 3+3 A  G  P = perigonium

24. Clematis vitalba old man's beard

25. protoanemonin Fruit: aggregate of achenes Clematis vitalba

26. leaf 1 2 1. Palisad parenchyma 2. Spongious parenchyma

27. Ficaria verna lesser celandine

28. Ficaria verna root rhizodermis cortex stele with vascular elements

29. Familia: Helleboraceae Hellebore family Fruit: aggregate of follicles Helleborus sp.: bufadienolide type cardiac glycosides

30. Helleborus odorus fragrant hellebore

31. © Hatvani Helleborus odorus aggregate of follicles

32. Consolida regalis larkspur

33. Caltha palustris marsh marigold

34. Nigella damascena

35. Ordo: Aristolochiales Familia: Aristolochiaceae Birthwort family aristolochic acid previously: immune stimulant, ! carcinogenic

36. Aristolochia clematitis European birthwort

37. Aristolochia clematitis – European birthwort zigomorphic flowers

38. Aristolochia clematitis

39. Aristolochia stem

40. Aristolochia vascular bundle collateral open bundle

41. © Papp (http://caliban.mpiz-koeln.mpg.de/~stueber/thome/Alphabetical_list.html) Asarum europaeum - European wild ginger

42. Asarum europaeum stem

43. Asarum europaeum European wild ginger Populations: chemical composition of essential oil differs: proportion of phenylpropans and sesquiterpenes chemical varieties = chemovarietas