1. Cellular Respiration How our body makes ATP, ENERGY!!

2.  Adenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP)  Adenosine  Ribose Sugar  3 Phosphates June 27, 2016

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4. Where do our cells get energy?  Glucose is a MAJOR source of energy for the cell.  What type of macromolecule is glucose?  Carbohydrates  Cells break down glucose, a 6-Carbon sugar, to make ATP - “ ENERGY! ” June 27, 2016

5. Equation for Cell Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + ATP June 27, 2016

6. Cellular Respiration occurs in 3-stages  1. Glycolysis  2. Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)  3. Electron Transport Chain (ETC) June 27, 2016 Glucose Glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron transport chain Fermentation (without oxygen) Alcohol or lactic acid

7. Flowchart Section 9-2 Glucose (C 6 H 12 0 6 ) + Oxygen (0 2 ) Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) + Water (H 2 O) + ATP An Overview of the Process of Cellular Respiration

8. Glucose To the electron transport chain Figure 9–3 Glycolysis Section 9-1 2 Pyruvic acid Step 1: Glycolysis

9.  Glycolysis  Where  Cytoplasm  NO O 2 required; anaerobic  Energy Yield  net gain of 2 ATP  6-C glucose  Two 3-C pyruvates (Pyruvic acid)  Free H + combine with an electron carrier called NAD +  NADH (NAD + = NicotinAmide Dinucleotide) June 27, 2016

10. Summary of Glycolysis  In -Glucose (6-C) -2 ATP  Out -2 pyruvate; Two 3-C -2 NADH (to ETC) -4 ATP for a net of 2 ATP June 27, 2016

11. Citric Acid Production Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle Mitochondrion

12. Part A of the Krebs Cycle: Breakdown of Pyruvic Acid  Where  mitochondria  Pyruvate (3-C)  Acetic acid (2-C)  3rd C forms CO 2  Acetic acid combines with Coenzyme A to form ACETYL-CoA June 27, 2016

13. Summary of Part A of the Krebs Cycle  In -Pyruvate (3-C) -NAD + -CoA  Out -CO 2 (as waste) -NADH -Acetyl-CoA June 27, 2016

14. Part B of the Krebs Cycle: Energy Extraction  Where  Mitochondria  Energy Yield  2 ATP and more H +  Acetyl-CoA (2-C) combines with 4-C (oxaloacetic acid) to form 6-C CITRIC ACID  Citric Acid (6-C) is then changed to back to a 4-C (oxaloacetic acid).  Gives off a CO 2 molecule  NAD+ and FAD pick up the released H +  FAD becomes FADH 2  NAD + becomes NADH June 27, 2016

15. Krebs Cycle June 27, 2016

16. Electron Transport Chain (ETC)  Where  inner membrane of Mitochondria  Requires O 2  Energy Yield  Total of 32 ATP  O 2 combines with TWO H + to form H 2 O  Waste Products of Cell Respiration - CO 2, H 2 O June 27, 2016

17. Electron Transport Chain Section 9-2 Electron Transport Hydrogen Ion Movement ATP Production ATP synthase Channel Inner Membrane Matrix Intermembrane Space Mitochondrion

18. Visual Summary of Cell Respiration Glucose Glycolysis Cytoplasm Pyruvic acid Electrons carried in NADH Krebs Cycle Electrons carried in NADH and FADH 2 Electron Transport Chain Mitochondrion

19. Total ENERGY Yield  Glycolysis  2 ATP  Krebs Cycle  2 ATP  ETC  32 ATP  Total  36 ATP June 27, 2016