1. Writing in English Style in Written English

2. Common stylic problems 1. Sequence of tenses 2. Say/Tell 3. Dangling participles 4. Antecedents of pronouns 5. Participles as adjectives 6. Redundancy 7. Parallel structure 8. Transformation of Direct and Indirect objects 9. Adverbial at the beginning of a sentence

3. 4. Antecedence of pronouns (bagian kata yang mendahului kata ganti) if a pronoun used in a sentence  must be a noun before it of the same person and number must be only one, antecedent to which the pronoun refers Amy was denied admission to graduate school because they did not believe that she could handle the work load Correct: The members of the admissions committee denied Amy admission to graduate school because they did not believe that she could handle the work load Incorrect:

4. Exercises : Rewrite the following sentences so that each pronoun has a clear antecedent 1. In their spare time, many great books have been written about famous heroes. 2. Dr. Pauling’s book was accepted for publication because they thought it would be beneficial to students. 3. Lane and Casey hate flying because they make too much noise. 4. Sheena loves touring the country by train because it is so interesting.

5. The pronouns one and you  If one is used in a sentence  one or he/she as the subsequent pronoun referring to the same person  If you is used in a sentence  you as the subsequent pronoun referring to the same person Examples:  If one takes this exam without studying, one is likely to fail.  One should never tell his secret, if he wishes it to remain secret.  If you do not want your test score reported, you must request that they be cancelled Incorrect :  If one takes this exam without studying, you are likely to fail.  If one takes this exam without studying, they are likely to fail.

6. 5. Participles as adjectives if there is no regular adjective form for a verb  the present or past participle of the verb can be used as an adjective when we can apply: verb + ing, verb + ed or verb + en participle as an adjective? verb + ing When the noun it modifies performs or responsible for an action. The verb is usually intransitive. verb + ed/en When the noun it modifies is the receiver of the action. The sentence is generally in the passive form.

7. Examples The blooming flowers created a rainbow of colors.  The flowers were blooming. The crying baby woke my cousin.  The baby was crying. The sorted mail was delivered to the offices before noon.  The mail had been sorted. Frozen food is often easier to prepare than fresh food.  The food had been frozen.

8. Interest, bore, excite, frighten The boring lecture put the students to sleep. The boring professor put the students to sleep. The bored students went to sleep during the boring lecture. The child saw a frightening movie. The frightened child began to cry.

9. Exercises : Choose the correct form of the participle used as an adjective 1. The (interest) book caused a great deal of excitement. 2. When Ali noticed the (burn) building, he notified the fireman immediately. 3. The (break) flasks lay on the floor. 4. The (blow) wind of the hurricane damaged the waterfront property. 5. As we entered the (crowd) room, I noticed my cousin.

10. 6. Redundancy (unnecessary repeated information) redundant word combinations advance forward, proceed forward, progress forward return back, revert back sufficient enough compete together reason …. Because join together repeat again new innovation same identical two twins the time when the place where

11. Examples The army advanced after the big battle. The army moved forward after the big battle. We have sufficient knowledge to solve that problem. Here is where I left him. That was the time I hit a home run. The reason I want to go to the class is that the lecturer is a Nobel laureate.

12. Exercises : Cross out the redundant word 1. I think that we should come up with a new innovation for doing this job. 2. After she showed him how to operate the equipment, she repeated the operation again. 3. When the roads became too slippery, we decided to return back to the cabin. 4. I think we have sufficient enough information to start writing the report. 5. The twins have the same identical birthmarks on their backs.

13. cross-word puzzle Down: 1. where documents or papers are kept 2. instrument for attaching papers 4. notebook for appointments 6. small device used with a computer 8. used to speak to people 10. you use it to write in ink Across: 1. system for sending documents using telephone lines 3. portable computer 5. for drawing or writing 7. writing materials 9. removes pencil marks 11. machine for storing and analyzing information 12. sort of table in an office