1. The American Revolution 1776-1783 The Early Years Chapter 6 section 1

2. The Revolutionary War AdvantagesDisadvantages British Large fighting Force, Lots of Money, & Trained Soldiers Long supply line, unknown knowledge of territory American Knew Territory, and fighting for cause Lack of people, supplies, wealth, weaponry

3. Loyalist a. Those who remained loyal to Britain after independence was declared. 1. Also called Tories b. At least 1 in 5 Americans were loyalist. c. Most loyalist were in the Carolina’s and Georgia, least in New England. 1. Some remained loyal because of faith others for money. 2. Most Americans tried to remain neutral Loyalist

4. Germantown & Brandywine a. Brandywine-Sept. 11, 1777 British Victory; Germantown-Oct. 4, 1777 British Victory (Both in Penn.) 1. Ensured the British would secure capture of Philadelphia 2.Washington’s plan of battle is a failure 3. Low point for patriot cause Battlefield at Brandywine, PA

5. You don’t say…. Yankee comes from the Dutch word Jan Kees. Other Europeans used to ridicule the Dutch calling them “John Cheese” Then the Dutch used it to ridicule the English settlers in Connecticut Later the English used it to ridicule the Patriots. Did you get all that? Did you know???

6. Good Golly Mrs. Molly… Molly Pitcher Real name Mary Ludwig Hayes McCauley Brought soldiers water and manned a cannon when her husband was killed

7. General William Howe 1729-1814 Early in career he was successful commander Led troops at battle of Bunker Hill Later he became slow to act and unwilling to engage enemy

8. Revolutionary War 1776-1777 a. British capture New York City, 1776 b. Trenton & Princeton 1776-1777-American Victory c. Howe captures Philadelphia, 1777-British Victory d. Burgoyne surrenders at Saratoga, 1777- American Victory

10. Washington Crosses the Delaware a. Surprise Attack on the Hessian Mercenaries at Trenton 1. Capture and kill 900 2. Christmas night 1776 3. Changes morale

11. Trenton b. New Jersey: December 26, 1776 1. Decisive American victory 2. George Washington- American Commander 3. 1000 British soldiers & Hessian mercenaries killed or captured. Hessian sketch Battle of Trenton

13. Washington’s Flag The phrase "Appeal to Heaven" is used multiple times by John Locke in his work, Two Treatises of Government.John LockeTwo Treatises of Government

14. Princeton a. Jan. 3 1777 b. Importance was it gave essentially entire control of NJ to the Americans. Battle monument Princeton, NJ

16. Saratoga a. Sept. 19 & Oct.7 1777 b. New York c. Approx. 7,000 British soldiers killed, wounded or captured. 1.Patriot losses-320 wounded or killed. 2. British-John Burgoyne 3. American-Gates, Arnold d. Burgoyne surrenders & Gates gets most of the credit. Turning Point in the American Revolution! The French became an American Ally.

17. Saratoga-by the numbers Bemis Heights-Tuesday, October 07, 1777 Weather-48F Cloudy; Location-Saratoga County, New York Great Britain BelligerentsBrunswick- Wolfenbüttel, Great Britain, Hesse-Hanau CommandersGeneral John BurgoyneGeneral John Burgoyne CasualtiesForce: 6600 Killed: 300 Wounded: 370 Captured: 5900 The US Colonies United States Commanders Benedict Arnold, Benjamin Lincoln, Horatio GatesBenedict Arnold, Benjamin Lincoln, Horatio Gates Casualties Force: 6600 Killed: 30 Wounded: 100 Captured: 0

18. Saratoga Saratoga battlefield Gates Burgoyne Freeman’s Farm battlefield

19. Benedict Arnold 1741-1801 Served in both British & American Armies Known as a traitor American hero at the battle of Saratoga He was jealous Arnold’s Memorial to his wounded foot at Saratoga,his name however is not mentioned

20. The War Continues Chapter 6 Section 2

21. Causes & Effects of the French- American Alliance in 1778 Causes Longstanding hostility between Britain & France Conflict between the 2 countries during the French & Indian War Victory at Saratoga boosts French confidence in the Patriots. Effects France lends money to the Continental Congress France sends soldiers & ships to help American Forces Americans win Independence.

22. The Winter At Valley Forge a. American encampment for winter of 1778 1. Harsh Conditions, morale fell, men deserted 2. Washington & his soldiers survived, and used the time to improve training. Valley Forge National Park Valley Forge is 20 miles west of Philadelphia, PA

23. Valley Forge Pictures Washington’s headquarters Replica cabin

24. Marquis de Lafayette a. France 1757-1834 Wealthy family Somewhat arrogant b. Fought in Revolution for America c. 1 st person granted honorary US citizenship Went on a grand tour of America after the Revolution.

25. Abigail Adams Nov. 11 1744-Oct. 28 1818 Massachusetts The 2 nd 1 st lady a. Wife of John Adams b. Championed women’s rights and the abolition of slavery. Died of Typhoid fever Last words: “don’t grieve my friend, I am ready to go, and John it will not be long.” Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria. Typhoid fever is rare in industrialized countries. However, it remains a serious health threat in the developing world. Typhoid fever spreads through contaminated food and water or through close contact with someone who's infected. Signs and symptoms usually include high fever, headache, abdominal pain, and either constipation or diarrhea.

26. Tarred and Feathered a. Loyalist at the time were sometimes tarred and feathered. Victim was stripped naked, and had hot tar poured on body then they were rolled in a pile of feathers. Victim was often paraded around to humiliate them.

27. The War moves West & South Chapter 6 Section 3

28. Terms to know… Blockade-preventing supplies or reinforcements from reaching the continental army. Privateer-private ship used as a military ship.

29. A Pirate’s life for me… a. John Paul Jones b. Raided British ports c. Ship named the Bonhomme Richard 1. French for Poor Richard’s almanac 2. Defeated the British Serapis, but the Bonhomme Richard sank later. (probably from friendly fire) 3. Jones said, “I have not yet begun to fight!” Jones’ crew was able to sail the captured Serapis in for repairs saving their lives. Jones died of a severe brain tumor and was found lying face-down on his bed in his third- floor Paris apartment on July 18, 1792. A small procession of servants, friends and loyal soldiers walked his body the four miles for burial. He was buried in Paris at the Saint Louis Cemetery, which belonged to the French royal family. Four years later, France's revolutionary government sold the property and the cemetery was forgotten. The area was later used as a garden, a place to dispose of dead animals and a place where gamblers bet on animal fights. Serapis V. Bonhomme Richard The French commissioned the Serapis to a privateer named Roche who planned to use the ship against the British in the Indian Ocean. However, in July 1781 the ship was lost off the coast of Madagascar when a sailor accidentally dropped a lantern into a tub of brandy. The crew fought the fire for two and one half hours, but the flames eventually burned through the spirit locker walls and reached a powder magazine. The resulting explosion blew the stern off the ship and the vessel sank.Madagascar In November 1999 American nautical archeologists Richard Sweet and Michael Tuttle located the remains of the Serapis.

30. Revolutionary War in the South, 1778-1781 a. British capture Savannah, 1778 b. British capture Charles Town(Charleston) & Camden, but are defeated at Kings Mountain in Oct. 1780 & at Cowpens in Jan.1781 c. Washington & Rochambeau rush toward Yorktown Virginia Aug. 1781 d. French Admiral De Grasse keeps British ships away from allowing the British to escape. e. Cornwallis trapped;the British surrender at Yorktown, 1781

31. Lord Cornwallis British General 1738-1805 Brutal and cunning He underestimated American forces Made his 2 nd in command surrender for him. Died of fever in India

32. Bannastre Tarleton- Aug. 21,1754 -Jan. 16, 1833 Nicknamed later ”Bloody Ban” Born Liverpool, England Commander 1 st Dragoon Guards Notorious for taking no prisoner’s Once had a dead patriot officers body dug up and he forced the man’s wife to serve him a meal. Suspicious of Lord Cornwallis & questioned his authority. Compulsive Gambler who squandered his inheritance Known as a gifted horseman

33. A Change in Strategy for the Americans Nathaniel Greene was a major general of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War. When the war began, Greene was a militia private, the lowest rank possible; he emerged from the war with a reputation as George Washington's most gifted and dependable officer. Many places in the United States are named for him. Daniel Morgan (c. 1736 – July 6, 1802) was an American pioneer, soldier, and United States Representative from Virginia. One of the most gifted battlefield tacticians of the American Revolutionary War. Morgan was a large man, poorly educated, and enjoyed drinking and gambling. In the British Army during the French & Indian War he was punished with 499 lashes (a usually fatal event) for punching his superior officer. Morgan thus acquired a hatred for the British Army. "Permit me then to recommend from the sincerity of my heart, ready at all times to bleed in my country's cause.”

34. New Leadership-New Plans Greene splits his Army in two. One group led by himself the other led by Morgan. Their goal-not to be drawn into a full on battle by the British. Outcome-prolonging the war in hopes to receive French help and reinforcements.

35. Battle of Cowpens a. Jan. 17, 1781 b. American Victory 1. American commander Daniel Morgan 2. British commander Bannastre Tarleton Reenactors at the Battle of Cowpens

36. The War Is Won Chapter 6 Section 4

37. Terms to know Ratify-Approve Ambush-surprise attack Yorktown, Virginia-final battle of the Revolutionary War

38. Hero Profile-”Mad” Anthony Wayne Jan. 1, 1745- Dec. 15, 1796 East town, township PA his military exploits and fiery personality quickly earned him a promotion to the rank of brigadier general & and the nickname “Mad” Anthony Waynebrigadier general Fought at Brandywine, Germantown, & was at Valley Forge. Died of Gout in 1796. In 1809 his body was dug up and boiled to remove remaining flesh. His bones were put into two saddlebags and moved to a family plot. When they built a road some of his bones were thought to be lost. Legend has it that on his birthday his ghost wanders the road in search of his lost bones

39. Go See Mad Anthony in PA! Wayne’s Home Paoli, PA Wayne’s monument at Valley Forge, PA

40. Washington & Rochambeau rush toward Yorktown Virginia Aug. 1781 French Admiral De Grasse keeps British ships away from allowing the British to escape. Cornwallis trapped; the British surrender at Yorktown, 1781 Here Come the Americans!!!

41. Yorktown-1781 Starts Sept. 5 Ends Oct. 19, 1781 American & French Forces bombard Yorktown. There is no escape to the Sea for Cornwallis & the English they are forced to surrender.

42. Surrender at Yorktown Cornwallis refused to come to the surrender claiming illness, he sent his 2 nd in command instead his name was O’Hara. O’Hara presented Cornwallis sword to Rochambeau, he shook his head and O’Hara presented the sword to Washington, who shook his head and pointed to his 2 nd in command who received the sword. Rumor has it the sword is on display in the Whitehouse- this is false after the sword was presented to Washington’s 2 nd in command it was given back to O’Hara.

43. House were Cornwallis completed his surrender, Yorktown Virginia

44. Yorktown Reenactors

45. The Virginia Hercules… Peter Francisco C. 1760-1831 shrouded in mystery he was found on the docks crying in 1765 in Virginia (kidnapped) Born in either Brazil, or the Azores islands off Portugal Blacksmith 6’6 weighed 260 lbs. He was present when Patrick Henry said “give me Liberty or Give me death” also present at the surrender at Yorktown. Joined militia at 16 wounded several times Carried a special broadsword measuring 5 feet in length. Washington said without him they could not have one the war. People called him a 1 man army He is said to have pulled a cannon apart that weighed 1100 lbs. by himself He is also said to have thrown 2 men and their horses over a fence at his home when they tried to annoy him.

46. Treaty of Paris Signed in Paris September 3, 1783 Ben Franklin, john Adams, john jay- American representatives Britain recognized the united states as an independent nation Territory from Atlantic to Mississippi river & Canada to Florida

47. Revolutionary War by the Numbers KIA- approx. 4500-7500 Wounded- approx. 8500 Died of disease- approx. 10,000 Died aboard British POW warships- approx. 8500 90% of all American casualties were from the Continental Army Total British dead-approx. 24,000

48. Why the American’s Won… Fought for their own land Shorter supply lines than the British American knowledge of local terrain, therefore they could control the countryside Tactics such as ambushing,& surprise attacks Help from France Was a people’s movement not dependent upon battles as much as the determination and will of the people-AKA “The American Spirit”