1. Founding of Modern Singapore

2. 1819 TREATY 6th February 1819 Raffles recognised Tengku Hussein as Sultan of Johor Raffles, Tengku Hussein and Temenggong signed treaty Allowed Brits to set up trading settlement in the southern part of Sg and Sultan would receive $5000, the Temenggong $3000.

3. Malay Archipelago Dutch controlled most of the Archipelago Controlled many areas including Melaka and Java Didn’t want any other European power to share in the Archipelago trade. Trade monopoly because other European ships not allowed to trade, except in Batavia

4. British reaction to Dutch monopoly British traders worked mainly for the East India Company British : Penang and Bencoolen Penang : Stopover for British ships to take supplies on the way to India and China

5. Brits worried China trade would be affected if the Dutch occupied areas in the Archipelago Would be able to force all ships to stop at Batavia 1818 : Raffles appointed Governor of Bencoolen

6. Penang and Bencoolen Not located near main trading area in the Archipelago Unable to prevent complete Dutch control New settlement should be closer to the main trading area and attract more traders from around the region

7. New Settlement Should be south of Dutch controlled Melaka Better to protect English ships traveling along straits of Melaka from India to China

8. Early Singapore Area covered by jungle Small group of Malay and Chinese Orang Laut who depended on growing fruits and fishing for the livelihood

9. Early Singapore Malays : Lived in a village on the north bank under the Temenggong Orang Laut : Singapore river Chinese : Near Temenggong’s village and grew gambier nearby.

10. Why Singapore? Southern entrance of the SOM, protecting Brit ships sailing from India to China Safe harbour in the sea to protect from stormy winds Will help break the Dutch monopoly of trade

11. How Singapore Came under British Control 29 Jan 1819 : Raffles and Farquhar met with the Temenggong Were informed that Singapore was part of the Johor-Riau sultanate under Sultan Abdul Rahman Only sultan could give permission to set up trading settlement but the land was under the Dutch.

12. Tengku Abdul Rahman became the Sultan because Tengku Hussein was not around. In return for being recognised as the rightful Sultan, Tengku Hussein would allow Raffles to begin a trading settlement in Singapore.

13. Singapore under the British 6th February 1819 : British given permission to start a trading settlement in SG. Singapore only became a Brit posession in August 1824 when new treaty signed between Sultan and the British