1. N EWTON ’ S L AWS OF M OTION

2. N EWTON ’ S L AWS BASED ON F ORCES Newton stated: Forces exist in pairs (its impossible for a single force to act on an object) Forces arise as a result of actions / reactions between objects There are always forces acting on all objects Object’s motion based on whether forces are balanced (in equilibrium) or unbalanced **Forces balance each other out…they do NOT CANCEL each other out**

3. G ENERAL C HARACTERISTICS OF F ORCES General Characteristics: They are vectors Push or Pull Units = Newtons or Pounds Newton = force required to accelerate 1 kg at a rate of 1 m/s² ** There are 4 fundamental forces**

4. T YPES & C LASSIFICATIONS OF F ORCES Types 1. Gravitational – weakest of all forces 2. Electromagnetic – force involved when you push or pull an object 3. Strong Nuclear Force – strongest of all forces 4. Weak Nuclear Force – involved in radioactive decay Classifications a. Contact Force- ex. = frictional, tensional, applied b. Long Range- ex. = gravity, thrust c. Short Range- ex. = strong nuclear / weak nuclear

5. N EWTON ’ S 1 ST L AW OF M OTION Law #1 = Objects at rest stay at rest, objects in motion (constant speed, straight line) stay in motion unless acted upon by a NET force Important term  “Inertia” = the tendency to resist change Whiplash Pushing a heavy object starting at rest Stopping a semi-truck

6. F ORCES FOUND IN THE FOLLOWING PAIRS F N F f F app F g When balanced: F N = F g Normal force = Gravitational force F f = F app Frictional force = Applied force Force of Gravity = mass x gravity (neg. = direction) Normal Force = mass x gravity (positive) Frictional Force = μ x F N (μ = coefficient of friction)

7. N EWTON ’ S 2 ND L AW OF M OTION Law #2 = When a force acts on an object, the resulting acceleration is directly proportional to the force and inversely proportional to the mass. F = m x a

8. N EWTON ’ S 3 RD L AW OF M OTION Law #3 = For every action, there is an equal & opposite reaction