4. WORDS TO DESCRIBE COLD WEATHER cold used about the weather crisp weather is pleasant because it is cold and dry brisk if it is brisk, the weather is fairly cold and a fairly strong wind is blowing fresh if the weather is fresh, it is fairly cold and the wind is blowing harsh weather is extremely cold and unpleasant

5. WORDS TO DESCRIBE COLD WEATHER bleak weather is very cold and grey biting wind or cold is so cold that it makes you feel very uncomfortable frosty cold enough to produce frost raw adjective raw weather is cold and unpleasant hard adjective a hard winter is a very cold winter

6. 1.Zhaghzhagh (Persian) The chattering of teeth from the cold or from rage. 2. Yuputka (Ulwa) A word made for walking in the woods at night, it’s the phantom sensation of something crawling on your skin. 3. Slampadato (Italian) Addicted to the UV glow of tanning salons? This word describes you. 4. Luftmensch (Yiddish) There are several Yiddish words to describe social misfits. This one is for an impractical dreamer with no business sense. Literally, air person.

7. 5. Iktsuarpok (Inuit) You know that feeling of anticipation when you’re waiting for someone to show up at your house and you keep going outside to see if they’re there yet? This is the word for it. 6. Cotisuelto (Caribbean Spanish) A word that would aptly describe the prevailing fashion trend among American men under 40, it means one who wears the shirt tail outside of his trousers. 7. Pana Po’o (Hawaiian) “Hmm, now where did I leave those keys?” he said, pana po’oing. It means to scratch your head in order to help you remember something you’ve forgotten.

8. 8. Gumusservi (Turkish) Meteorologists can be poets in Turkey with words like this at their disposal. It means moonlight shining on water. 9. Vybafnout (Czech) A word tailor-made for annoying older brothers—it means to jump out and say boo. 10. Mencolek (Indonesian) You know that old trick where you tap someone lightly on the opposite shoulder from behind to fool them? The Indonesians have a word for it. 11. Faamiti (Samoan) To make a squeaking sound by sucking air past the lips in order to gain the attention of a dog or child.

9. 12. Glas wen (Welsh) A smile that is insincere or mocking. Literally, a blue smile. 13. Bakku-shan (Japanese) The experience of seeing a woman who appears pretty from behind but not from the front. 14. Boketto (Japanese) It’s nice to know that the Japanese think enough of the act of gazing vacantly into the distance without thinking to give it a name. 15. Kummerspeck (German) Excess weight gained from emotional overeating. Literally, grief bacon.

10. Presenting… Some Japanese Words that made it into English Dictionaries

11. Anime: Japanese cartoons / animation. Banzai: A cheer. Banzai! Banzai! Banzai! Bento: A meal served in a box with separations in it. Bonsai: These are the little trees that are actually really old, but are really small because they’ve been trimmed and stunted by bonsai artists. Dojo: A place for martial artists to practice. Futon: A thin mattress of tufted cotton batting or similar material Haiku: A type of poem that (in English) is typically 5-7-5 syllables. Hancho: Squad leader. The person in charge… i.e. the “Head Hancho.”

12. Hara-kiri: Suicide by disembowelment. Jujitsu: A soft-style type of Japanese martial art. Kamikaze: Literally means “divine wind” but in English it’s known to refer to a suicide attack (usually by airplane). Karaoke: A machine that plays a song for you and has you sing along, usually with a bunch of people and a bunch of sake. Karate: A hard-style type of Japanese martial art. Karoshi: Death from overwork* Kimono: Traditional Japanese clothing. Manga: Japanese comics. Miso: Made mostly from soybeans, this paste is in all kinds of foods

13. Ninja: The guys that wear black, sneak around, and assassinate people. These guys are sneaky. Origami: The art of folding paper into different shapes, figures, etc. Ramen: Japanese noodle soupy dish. Sake: Rice wine. Samurai: A warrior from feudal Japan. Sashimi: Raw fish, sliced into pieces (not to be confused with sushi). Sudoku: The number placement puzzle that’s popular in a lot of newspapers and other places. Sumo: This is the sport where two big guys try to knock each other down. i.e. “Sumo Wrestling.”

14. Sushi: a small bit of cold rice with something on top or inside it. C’mon, you know what sushi is. Tsunami: Huge waves! Tycoon: Someone who’s a powerful business person (original Japanese word, 大君 (taikun) means liege lord or shogunate, so it’s evolved in its English meaning). Typhoon: A violent tropical storm or cyclone (probably originally a Chinese word, though). Wasabi: This is a green paste that’s nice and spicy, and often used with sushi. Yakuza: Japanese mafia. Zen: A sect of Buddhism in Japan.

15. Top 10 languages in the World: Which of the following is most commonly spoken? Rank them 1- 10 English Russian Japanese Spanish German Portuguese Arabic Bengali Hindi-Urdu Mandarin

16. Top 10 languages in the World: Answers 1. Mandarin – > 845 million 2. Spanish – 320 million (official language over 20 countries) 3. English – 328 million (official language in 53 countries largest - USA) 4. Hindi-Urdu 242 million (even parts of Europe & USA) 5. Arabic – 221 million (official: 26 countries, Europe & USA) 6. Bengali – 181 million (Saudi Arabia Europe, USA) 7. Portuguese – 178 million (4 th most learned language) 8. Russian – 144 million 9. Japanese – 132 million 10. German - > 90 million

17. High context vs Low context

18. Direct vs Indirect High-context vs Low-context

19. Direct: “speak your mind”. Clear meaning; Speak up about your wants, needs and desires -reduces ambiguity and clearly articulates the speaker’s desires and needs. EG: “Please excuse me! I need to pee.” emphasize honesty, openness, forthrightness and individualism.

20. Indirect: face-saving hint at real meaning, and listeners are expected to make inferences from the information given. Conceal wants, needs and goals. (many Asian cultures - face-saving & prevents potential embarrassment EG: “Please excuse me for a minute.” INDIRECT style emphasises harmony of relationships as a higher priority than being totally honest.

21. Matching Exercise Match the communication style on the left with the example or group on the right. ___ 1. direct a. many Arab and Middle Eastern cultures ___ 2. indirect b. many Asian cultures ___ 3. elaborate c. communication is a tool to accomplish tasks ___ 4. exacting d. gives only necessary information ___ 5. succinct e. places more emphasis on process than outcome ___ 6. instrumental f. tend to be individualistic and high context ___ 7. affective g. speakers may even be silent