1. الأسماء المعدودة وغير المعدودة Count and Noncount Nouns
CHAPTER 7
الأسماء المعدودة وغير المعدودة
Count and Noncount Nouns

2. 7-1:Nouns: Count and NoNcount
PLURAL
SINGULAR
A COUNT NOUN
books
two books
Some books
A book
One book
الأسماء المعدودة
COUNT NOUN
A NONCOUNT NOUN
(no plural form)
mail
Some mail
a lot of mail
الأسماء الغير معدودة
NONCOUNT
NOUN
الأسماء الغير معدودة الشائعة Common noncount nouns :
Advice mail bread pepper
Furniture money cheese rice
Help music coffee salt
Homework traffic food soup
Information vocabulary fruit sugar
Jewelry weather meat tea
Luck work milk water
PLURAL:
Noun + -s
SINGULAR:
A ,and + noun
One + noun
PLURAL:
A NONCOUNT NOUN dose
not have a plural form
SINGULAR:
Do not use a
Do not use one

3. تمرينExercise: 1. we have an assignment. (معدود) (count) 2
تمرينExercise: we have an assignment. (معدود) (count) 2. I have some information a bout baas. )غير معدود)(non count)

4. استخدام (7-2 :USING AN vs. A .(a,an
A and an are used in front of singular count nouns.
In (a): dog and animal are singular count nouns.
(a) A dog an animal
Use an in front of words that begin with the vowels a ,e ,I and o :an apartment ,an elephant ,an idea ,an ocean .
In (c): Notice that an is used because the adjective (old) begins with a vowel and comes in front of a singular count nouns (man).
(b) I work in an office.
(c) Mr. Lee is an old man.
Use an if a word that begins with “u” has a vowel sound : an uncle, an ugly picture.
Use a if a word that begins with “u” has a\yu\ sound : a university , a usual event..
(d) I lave an uncle.
COMPARE
(e) He works at a university
In some words that begin with “h” the ”h” is not pronounced .Instead, the word begins with a vowel sound and an is used :an hour , an honor.
In most words that begin with “h” the “h” is pronounced. Use a if the “h” is pronounced.
(f) I need an hour to finish my work.
Compare :
(g) I live in a house. He lives in a hotel.

5. تمرينExercise: 1. Tom is eating a banana. 2. an hour has sixty minutes

6. 7- 3: USING A\AN vs. some A\An is used in front of singular count noun
In (a) : the word pen is a singular count noun some is used in front of plural count noun
In (b) : The word pens is a plural count noun
(a) I have a pen.
(b) I have some pens.
نستخدم a, an قبل الاسم المفرد المعدود
نستخدم someقبل الجمع المعدود.
Some is used in front of noncount nouns*
In (c) : the word rice is a noncount noun .
(c) I have some rice
نستخدم someقبل الأسماء الغير معدودة .

7. 2- I see some desk in this room .
EXERCISE :
1- I see a desk in this room .
2- I see some desk in this room .

8. :7-4 : MEASUREMENTS WITH NONCOUNT NOUNS مقاييس الأسماء الغير معدودة :
Units of measure are used with noncount nouns to express a specific quantity . For example a glass of , a cup of ,a piece of .
In (a) some water =an unspecific quantity.
In (b) a glass of water = a specific quantity.
(a) I’d like some water.
(b) I’d like a glass of water.
(c) I’d like a cup of coffee.
(d) I’d like a piece of fruit.
الأسماء الشائعة لأشهر المقاييسCOMMON EXPRESSIONS OF MEASURE : :
a bag of rice a bunch of bananas.
a jar of pickles a loaf of bread
a bar of soap a can of corn ..
a bottle of olive oil. a carton of milk. ;
a piece of cheese. a sheet of paper.
a bowl of cereal a glass of water.
a box of candy a head of lettuce . a tube of toothpaste

9. EXERCISE: 1.a bowl of rice. 2.a piece of fruit.

10. 7-5: USING MANY, MUCH ,A FEW, A LITTLE:
In (a) many is used with PLURAL COUNT nouns
تستخدمmany مع أسماء الجمع المعدودة
In (b) much is used with NON COUNT nouns
تستخدمmuch مع الأسماء الغير معدودة
In (c) a few is used with PLURAL COUNT nouns
تستخدم a few مع أسماء الجمع المعدودة
In (d) a little is used with NON COUNT nouns
تستخدم a little مع الأسماء الغير معدودة
(a) I don’t get many letters.
(b) I don’t get much mail.
(c) Ann gets a few letters.
(d) Tom gets a little mail.

11. تمرين Exercise: 1. I have many questions to ask you. 2
تمرين Exercise: 1. I have many questions to ask you. 2. I don’t put much sugar in my coffee. 3.I need to buy a few clothes I usually eat a little food every day 1-أنا لدي الكثير الأسئلة لأسألك إياها. 2-أنا لم أضع الكثير من السكر في قهوتي . 3-أنا احتاج أن اشتري القليل من الملابس. 4-أنا عادة أقوم بأكل القليل من الطعام يوميا

12. استخدام (the)7- 6 : USING THE :
A speaker uses the when the speaker and the listener have the same thing or person in mind . The shows that a noun is specific.
In (a): Both A and B have be same kitchen in mind.
In (b): When B says “the apple ” both A and B have the same apple in mind.
In (c): Both A and B are thinking of the same sky (there is only one sky for them to think of) and the same sun (there is only one sun for them to think of).
(a) A: Where’s David ?
B: He’s in the kitchen.
(b) A:I have two pieces of fruit for us an apple and a banana. Which do you want?
B: I’d like the apple , thank you.
(c) A: It’s a nice summer day today.
The sky is blue .The sun is hot
B: yes, I really like summer.
استخداماتها :The is used with
الاسم المفرد المعدود -singular count nouns ,as in (d).
الاسم الجمع المعدود-plural count nouns ,as in (e).
الاسماء الغير معدودة-noncount nouns ,as in (f).
In other words, the is used with each of the three kinds of تستخدم مع جميع أنواع الاسماءnouns.
(d) Mike has a pen and a pencil.
The pen is blue.
The pencil is yellow.
(e) Mike has some pens and pencils.
The pens are blue.
The pencils are yellow.
(f) Mike has some rice and some cheese.
The rice is white.
The cheese is yellow.
Notice in the examples: the speaker is using the for the second mention of a noun. When the speaker mentions a noun for a second time, both the speaker and listener are now thinking about the same thing.
First mention: I have a pen .
Second mention: the pen is blue .

13. 7-7 : USING Ø(NO ARTICLE) TO MAKE GENERALIZATIONS
No article (symbolized by Ø ) is used to make generalizations with
*plural count nouns ,as in (a) and (b)
*noncount nouns ,as in (c) and (d)
أحيانا لانستخدم أداة تعريف قبل الأسماء المعدودة والغير معدودة -
(a) Ø Apples are good for you.
(b) Ø Students use Ø pens and Ø pencils.
(c) I like to listen to Ø music .
(d) Ø Rice good for you .b
Compare: n (a),the word apple is general. It refers to all apples , any apples . No article (Ø) is used.
In (e), the word apples is specific ,so the is used in front of it . It refers to the specific apples that Tom and Ann ate.
Compare: In (c), music is general. In (f), the music is specific
(e) Tom and Ann ate some fruit the apples were very good , but the bananas were too ripe .
(f) We went to a concert last night the music was very good .

14. EXERCISE : 1. Ø coffee is brown. 2
EXERCISE : 1. Ø coffee is brown. 2. the pages in this book are full of grammar exercises.

15. 7-8 :USING SOME AND ANY نستخدم some مع الحالات المثبتة Use some in
affirmative statements.
(a) Alice has some money,
STATEMENT
نستخدم any مع الحالات المنفية
Use any in negative statements.
(b) Alice don’t have any money
NEGATIVE
Use either some or any in a question.
نستخدمsome or any مع السؤال
(c) Dose Alice have any money?
(d) Dose Alice have some money?
QUESTION
Any is used with noncount nouns and plural count nouns
(e) I don’t have any money . (noncount noun)
.(f) I don’t have any matches. (plural count noun
تستخدم any مع الأسماء الغير معدودة وأسماء الجمع المعدودة)

16. EXERCISE: 1. I don’t have any money in my purse. 2. Ken needs some help.

17. References: -English grammar in use by Raymond Murphy -Interactions focus on Grammar - The Teacher's Grammar of English: A Course Book and Reference Guide, with answers - Ron Cowan | See in UK - The McGraw-Hill Handbook of English Grammar and Usage | See in UK