1. WATER SECURITY UNDER UNCERTAINITY CONDITIONS Submitted by:- MUKESH KANWAR NARENDRA MEENA MUNEESH MEENA NAGESH NAMAN

2. What is water security

3. Water is essential for life. People, animals, and plants all need water to live and to grow. If people do not have enough water for their daily needs, they face hardship and serious illnesses. And if the available water is not safe because it is contaminated with germs, worms, or toxic chemicals — this can also lead to many illnesses. WHY IT IS NEEDED

4. If you live in a slum in Columbia, you pay more for your water than people living in London.” That is the conclusion of a report from the United Nations Human Development Programme:

5. Availability of Water on earth

6. The water problem – There are some problems related to need of water security- 1) 1.1 billion people in developing countries have inadequate access to water. 2) 2.6 billion people lack basic sanitation 3) 1.8 million children die each year as a result of diarrhea 4) 443 million school days are lost each year from water-related illness

7. 1.8 billion people who have access to a water source within 1 kilometer, but not in their house or yard, consume around 20 liters per day. In the United Kingdom the average person uses more than 50 liters of water a day flushing toilets (where average daily water usage is about 150 liters a day. The highest average water use in the world is in the US, at 600 liters day. Millions of women spending several hours a day collecting water.

10. The Water Threats and Hazards the most common hazards affecting water security, supply, and sustainability. Manmade(Anthropogenic)NaturalTechnological Terrorism Climate change Infrastructure failure war and civil unrest Hurricanes Hazardous chemicals and biological material events Malfunctions Population growthEarthquakes Human error and poor assessment Tsunamis and resource allocation Droughts of information technology and equipment Floods Wildfires Landslides Volcanoes

11. NATURAL THREATS Hurricane:- it caused large loss of life, ruptured leaves and led to serious water quality consequence. Earthquake:- it affects water distribution system. Wildfire:- due to this soil losses its fertility, increase CO 2 amount & evapotranspiration also occur, creates water scarcity.

12. Contaminants:- Heavy rains and flooding could create particularly severe water contamination problems that can be fatal. Climate change:- water security strategies need also to consider events related to extreme drought. All these threats are interconnected.

13. MAN MADE HAZARDS Attacks on exposed infrastructure.eg- Dam, water reservoirs. War and civil unrest. Human error and poor assessment Resource allocation. Man-made threats currently are a major concern nowadays.

14. Technological hazards It is also a major concerning hazard because Victims may not know they have been affected until years later. Due to failure of infrastructure, Hazardous chemical mix with water, it causes for water scarcity.

15. MEASURES OF WATER SECURITY

21. `

31. Plan improvements to your water supply When making a plan to improve the water supply, start with local resources including: local water sources, people with the skills to build improved wells or water storage tanks. water security depend on which problems are most urgent, or easiest to solve first.

32. If the water is contaminated by germs, the source can be improved or the water can be treated to make it safe. If the water may be contaminated by chemicals the water should not be used until a water quality test can be done because it can cause many health problems like cholera, typhoid etc.

33. Water security against terrorist attack These are the security procedure Prevention -estimates the degree of risk and allocates personnel and financial resources to prevention based on each utility's capabilities. Detection-finished water is stored in relatively small quantities, generally in ground storage tanks of 10,000 to 1,000,000 gallons. Finished water storage can be protected by well-planned security measures for each water plant, Response-Match your responses to: 1. Detection capabilities 2. Possible health impact 3. Pre-determined required action

34. How to protect groundwater sources If the surface water is contaminated than the best alternate is to use ground water. Groundwater is usually free of germs because it is filtered when it seeps through sand and soil. However, groundwater can be contaminated by natural minerals such as arsenic, by leaking sewer pipes, septic tanks or latrines, by waste dumps, or by industrial chemicals.

35. What are the barrier to planning a project. Immediate community benefits such as more water easier to access or less disease. Low cost. Small changes in daily routine. positive results such as less mud, fewer mosquitoes, or more water for home gardens.

36. The best way to protect ground water and the surface water is to protect the catchment area of water. pit toilets, sewer pipes, garbage dumping pits should not present within 30 meters of the well. Industrial activity such as mining, oil drilling waste dump should not near by well. To protect well the drainage platform of the well should be slightly sloped.

37. How to protect a spring Springs are where groundwater naturally comes out to the surface. Spring water can be considered safe unless it is contaminated at the surface. Protect the area around the spring and plant trees near the spring to prevent erosion. Build a spring box to capture the water.

41. References Global Water Partnership: http://www.gwpforum.org SIOCAM: http://www.sdnp.undp.org Cap-Net- Capacity Building for Integrated Water Resource Management: http://www.cap-net.org World Bank/UNDP Water and Sanitation Programme: http://www.wsp.org/ World Water Assessment Program: http://www.unesco.org/water/wwap Gender and Water Alliance: http://www.genderandwater.org