1. Hail to the Chief

2. Jumpstart Assignment Describe the following political cartoon. Describe What’s Happening in the Cartoon

3. 3 Executive Branch: Inception The Articles of Confederation: combined executive and legislative branches The Virginia Plan: proposed separate executive and legislative branches Some feared a strong executive branch could lead to tyranny or monarchy Checks on executive power Pennsylvania delegate James Wilson

4. Demographic Characteristics of U.S. Presidents 100% male 97% Caucasian 97% Protestant 82% of British ancestry 77% college educated 70% politicians 63% lawyers >50% from the top 3% wealth and social class 0.5% born into poverty 69% elected from large states http://www.presidentsusa.net

5. Constitutional Qualifications  Must be at least 35 years old  Must have lived in the United States for 14 years  Must be a natural born citizen And that’s it!!!

6. The President’s Term Until 1951, the Constitution placed no limit on the number of terms a President might serve. Presidents limited the number of terms served to two. This tradition was broken by Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1940 when he ran for and won a third term in office. He then went on to be elected to a fourth term in 1944. The 22nd Amendment placed limits on presidential terms. A President now may not be elected more than twice or only once if they became President due to succession. Chapter 13, Section 1

7. 7 Presidential Term of Office The two-term precedent The 22 nd Amendment President Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected to four terms George Washington set the two-term precedent

8. Presidential Benefits  $400,000 taxable salary  $50,000/year expense account  $100,000/year travel expenses  The White House  Secret Service protection  Camp David country estate  Air Force One personal airplane  Staff of 400-500 Christmas at the White House, 2004

9. Impeachment  The President, Vice President and all Civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.” — U.S. Constitution, Article II, section 4 Constitution gives the House of Reps. the sole power to impeach an officia  The Constitution gives the House of Reps. the sole power to impeach an officia l, and it makes the Senate the sole court for impeachment trials.

10. Presidential Roles

11. Head of State Chief Diplomat; Symbol of the US

12. Head of State Queen Elizabeth and President Reagan, 1983 President Kennedy speaks at Berlin Wall, 1963

13. Chief Executive Administrator of the federal government Chinese Presidents Visit to the US

14. Chief Executive President Bush holds cabinet meeting in October, 2005 President Clinton with Janet Reno, the first female Attorney General, February, 1993

15. Commander in Chief Civilian commander of the US Armed Forces

16. Commander-in-Chief President Bush aboard U.S.S. Lincoln, May, 2003 President Johnson decorates a soldier in Vietnam, October, 1966

17. Chief Legislator National agenda setter; proposes bills for consideration in Congress

18. Chief Legislator President Clinton delivers the State of the Union Address, 1997 President Roosevelt signs into law the Social Security Act, 1935

19. Political Party Leader Head of the party who assists in member’s elections or appointment to office Barack Obama delivers his Inaugural address in front millions in Washington and millions more on worldwide TV.

20. Political Party Leader President Reagan & Vice-President Bush accepting their party’s nomination in 1980

21. Crisis Manager Lead country through disasters, both natural and man-made President Barack Obama wipes away a tear during his speech at the event "Together We Thrive: Tucson and America" honoring the January 8, 2011 shooting victims

22. Crisis Manager Vice-President Johnson sworn in aboard Air Force One after President Kennedy’s assassination, 1963 President Bush at Ground Zero after 9-11

23. Moral Persuader The White House as a bully pulpit (From President T. Roosevelt, meaning a platform from which to persuasively advocate and agenda. Word “bully” means superior.”

24. Moral Persuader President Lincoln during the Civil War, 1862 President Roosevelt and the “Bully Pulpit,” 1910

25. Role of the Vice President

26. ____ 1. The vice president is also the president of the Senate. _____2. The vice president is also head of the judicial branch and presides over the Supreme Court. ____ 3. The vice president and cabinet are part of the legislative branch. ____ 4. The vice president is first in the line of succession to the presidency. ____ 5. The Constitution notes only one official role for the vice president. ____ 6. The qualifications for the vice presidency are not the same as those for the presidency. ____ 7. The vice president administers the oath of office to the president.

27. Presidential Disability Chapter 13, Section 2 Sections 3 and 4 of the 25th Amendment provide procedures to follow when the President is disabled. The Vice President is to become acting President if: (1) the President informs Congress, in writing, “that he is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office,” or (2) the VP and a majority of the members of the Cabinet inform Congress, in writing, that the President is thus incapacitated.

28. 28 The 25 th Amendment Deals with instances in which the president dies or becomes disabled Established an order of succession Set rules for choosing a new vice-president Lyndon Johnson takes the presidential oath of office after the assassination of JFK

30. Presidential Succession Act of 1947  Provides an official line of succession should something happen to the President or Vice President.  Non-Natural-Born citizens are ineligible  Must have been confirmed by Senate  14 VP’s have went on to become President. 5 of our last 11 Presidents were once VP.

31. Vice President  Joe Biden-D

32. Speaker of the House  John Boehner - R

33. President Pro Tempore of the Senate  Patrick Leahy-D

34. Secretary of State  John Kerry-D

35. Secretary of the Treasury  Jacob Lew-Ind

36. Presidential Powers of the United States

37. Constitutional Powers Powers/duties are very limited “executive power” – enact/enforce law 1.Military Power 2.Diplomatic Power 3.Appointment Power 4.Veto Power

38. Formal Powers of the President  Constitutional or enumerated powers of the presidency  Found primarily in Article II of the Constitution

39. Formal Powers: Commander-in-Chief (National Security Powers)  Commander in Chief of the Army & Navy  Commander in Chief of the state militias (now the National Guard)  Commission all officers

40. Formal Powers: Commander-in-Chief - Examples  Abraham Lincoln as Commander in Chief during Civil War  FDR during WWII  Eisenhower sends army to segregate HS in Little Rock, AR (1957)  George W. Bush deploys National Guard reservists in Iraq

41. Formal Powers: Chief Executive (Administrative Powers)  “Faithfully execute” the laws  Require the opinion of heads of executive departments  Grant pardons for federal offenses except for cases of impeachment  Nominate judges of the Supreme Court and all other officers of the U.S. with consent of the Senate  Fill vacancies that may happen during recess of the Senate

42. Formal Powers: Chief Executive - Examples  Washington created the first cabinet (1789)  President Ford pardoned Richard Nixon (1974)  President Reagan appoints first female Supreme Court Justice (1981)

43. Formal Powers: Foreign Affairs (National Security Powers)  Appoint ambassadors, ministers and consuls  Make treaties subject to Senate confirmation  Receive ambassadors

44. Formal Powers: Foreign Affairs - Examples  President Kennedy negotiates the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with the USSR

45. Formal Powers: Chief Legislator (Legislative Powers)  Give State of the Union address to Congress  Recommend “ measures ” (legislation) to the Congress  Upon “ extraordinary occasions ” convene both houses of Congress  Adjourn Congress if House and Senate can not agree on adjournment

46. Formal Powers: Chief Legislator (cont.)  Presidential Veto  Veto Message within 10 days of passing the House of origin  Pocket Veto - President does not sign within 10 days  Congress can override with 2/3 majority from both Houses  Veto Politics  Congressional override is difficult (only 4%)  Threat of veto can cause Congress to make changes in legislation

47. Formal Powers: Chief Legislator - Examples  George Washington gave the first State of the Union address  FDR and the New Deal  Obama and Stimulus Plan

48.  http://www.senate.gov/reference/Legisla tion/Vetoes/vetoCounts.htm http://www.senate.gov/reference/Legisla tion/Vetoes/vetoCounts.htm

50. JUDICIAL POWERS  Grant reprieves and pardons for federal offenses (except impeachment)  Nominate federal judges (including Supreme Court Justices), who are confirmed by the Senate

51. Those powers not explicitly written in the Constitution Similar to “necessary and proper” powers of Congress In the modern era (since 1933), the President’s informal powers may be significantly more powerful than his formal powers Informal Powers

52. Executive Orders Orders issued by the President that carry the force of law Clinton’s “Don’t ask don’t tell” gays in the military policy FDR’s internment of Japanese Americans GWB trying suspected terrorists in military tribunals Notice for Japanese “relocation,” 1942

53. Executive Agreements International agreements, usually related to trade, made by a president that has the force of a treaty; does NOT need Senate approval Jefferson’s purchase of Louisiana in 1803 GWB announced cuts in the nuclear arsenal, but not in a treaty; usually trade agreements between US and other nations

54. Executive Privilege Claim by a president that he has the right to decide that the national interest will be better served if certain information is withheld from the public, including the Courts and Congress United States v. Nixon (1973) – presidents do NOT have unqualified executive privilege (Nixon Watergate tapes)

55. Questions for Discussion Why are informal powers more important than formal powers, particularly to modern presidents? Identify several advantages and disadvantages of the use of the president ’ s informal powers. Has the use and perhaps abuse of the informal powers created an “ Imperial Presidency? ” Defend your answer.

56. War & Peace - Whose Power Is It? The War Powers Struggle Between the President and Congress

57. Constitutionally Speaking: War Powers

58. War Powers - President  Commander in Chief of the Army & Navy  Commander in Chief of the state militias (now the National Guard)  Commission all officers  Appoint ambassadors, ministers and consuls  Make treaties subject to senate confirmation  Receive ambassadors

59. Indirect War Powers – President “Faithfully execute” the laws Require the opinion of heads of executive departments Recommend “measures” to the congress Upon “extraordinary occasions” convene both houses of congress

60. War Powers - Congress  Declare war  Raise & support army & navy  Ratify treaties (Senate)  Advise & consent of ambassadors (Senate)  Make rules concerning captures on land & water  Organize, arm, train & provide for the militia  Suppress insurrections & repel invasions

61. Indirect War Powers-Congress Make all laws necessary and proper for carrying out the expressed powers of the Constitution Regulate commerce with foreign nations Originate tax bill (House) Collect taxes, duties, excises (both Borrow (both) Define and punish offenses against the law of nations

62. War Powers Resolution - Purpose Full intent of the framers Insure “collective judgment” between Congress and the President occurs when US armed forces are introduced into hostilities Cites necessary and proper clause to grant Congress authority in WPR

63. The War Powers Resolution 1.President must consult w/ Congress before introducing armed forces into hostilities 2.Consult with Congress regularly until troops removed 3.If war not declared, President must submit report to Congress within 48 hours of troop deployment 4.President must remove troops after 60 days (+30 days for withdrawal) if Congress has not declared war 1.President must consult w/ Congress before introducing armed forces into hostilities 2.Consult with Congress regularly until troops removed 3.If war not declared, President must submit report to Congress within 48 hours of troop deployment 4.President must remove troops after 60 days (+30 days for withdrawal) if Congress has not declared war