1. PRESENT TIME The Simple Present Tense Present Progressive Tense
CHAPTER 1
PRESENT TIME
The Simple Present Tense
Present Progressive Tense
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2. Before Grammar…. Why grammar of a language? Native Language.
Tuition Classes?
Latest Language Learning Approach?
Order of Importance?
Utility of Grammar?
(written & oral)

3. WHAT IS GRAMMAR? The structure of a language
The skeleton of a language
The backbone of a language
The rules of a language
The basic principles of a language
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4. Grammar The scientific study of a language
A set of rules that tells how to speak and write correctly.
The rules in a language for changing the form of words and joining them into sentences.
The rules that govern the use of language
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5. TENSE OR TIME?
Tense is a grammatical structure for example, Simple Present Tense, Simple Past Tense or Simple Future Tense
while
Time refers to when an event or condition occurs relative to the time of speaking.
"I'm meeting Jeff for coffee at 6:00." Time is a conversational word.
E.g.
Azan ate lunch yesterday,
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6. Progressive or Continuous Tense Perfect Progressive/Continuous Tense
Time vs Tense
Time may be
Present, Past, Future
Tense may be
Simple Tense
Progressive or Continuous Tense
Perfect Tense
Perfect Progressive/Continuous Tense
Courtesy: Basir Jan
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7. English Grammar Tenses
Tense means different aspects of Time. For example,
Past Tense:
Simple Past Tense
Past Progressive Tense
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Progressive
Present Tense:
Simple Present Tense
Present progressive Tense
Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Progressive Tense
Future Tense:
Simple Future Tense
Future Progressive Tense
Future Prefect Tense
Future Perfect Progressive
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8. To begin with: Nice to meet you, Alex. My My name is Alex.
name is Jonas.
My name is Alex.

9. I’m from the Czech Republic.
CHAPTER 1: PREVIEW
I’m glad to meet you, too. Where are you from?
I’m from the Czech Republic.

10. CHAPTER 1: PREVIEW
I live in
Mexico City.
Where do
you live now?

11. about ten minutes away by bicycle. I live in a house near school.
CHAPTER 1: PREVIEW
I live in an apartment
about ten minutes away by bicycle.
I live in a house
near school.
Where do you live?
Where do you live?

12. Simple Present Tense vs Present Indefinite Tense
When action time is definite (mentioned)→ Simple Present Tense
e.g. She takes tea early in the morning.
When action time is indefinite (not mentioned)→ Present Indefinite Tense
e.g. She takes tea.

13. Simple Present Tense The Simple Present Tense expresses
Daily habits/activities
General statements
Universal facts
e.g.
1.Ali takes shower every day.
2.Ali studies at Kardan.
3. Allah is one.
Sentence structure:
Positive : Ali takes shower every day. (svo)
subject verb object/complement
Negative: Ali doesn’t take shower every day.
subject Aux. + Neg.adv verb object/complement
Question: Does Ali take shower every day?
Aux. Subject verb object/compliment

14. Compliment & Supplement
Complement: Example: I write a letter.
S V artic O
Complement
The necessary word or the group of words that complete a sentence, are called complement. If we remove that necessary word or group of words, the sentence will not give complete meaning. In the given example, “ a letter” is complement. Complement is direct or indirect object for the verb.
Supplement: Example: I write a letter to my friend
S V artic O Supplement
The word or the group of words that provide additional information about a sentence, are called supplement. If we remove that word or group of words, the sentence will still give complete meaning. In the given example, “ to my friend” is supplement.

15. Emphatic forms of the verb
The verb, apart from main verb in a sentence that emphasizes on the performance of action is called emphatic verb. It usually comes after subject and before main verb. For example,
I do go to university everyday.
S Emphatic M.verb O/Compl.
verb
2. I do do my work.
S Emph. M.verb O/Compl.
3. He does do his work.
S Emph. M.verb O/compl.

16. We shop every Monday. 1-1 THE SIMPLE PRESENT AND THE PRESENT
PROGRESSIVE
We shop every Monday.

17. THE SIMPLE PRESENT x x x x x x x x x x x future past now
1-1 THE SIMPLE PRESENT AND THE PRESENT
PROGRESSIVE
THE SIMPLE PRESENT
past
now
future x x x x x x x x x x x

18. THE SIMPLE PRESENT (a) Jill eats lunch every day.
1-1 THE SIMPLE PRESENT AND THE PRESENT
PROGRESSIVE
THE SIMPLE PRESENT
(a) Jill eats lunch every day.
(b) I usually study English
on Wednesday.
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday 18

19. THE SIMPLE PRESENT (a) Jill eats lunch every day.
1-1 THE SIMPLE PRESENT AND THE PRESENT
PROGRESSIVE
THE SIMPLE PRESENT
(a) Jill eats lunch every day.
(b) I usually study English
on Wednesday.
(c) Dogs bark. Lions roar.
daily habits,
usual activities
general
statements of fact
events or situations
SIMPLE PRESENT (always, usually, habitually)
in the past, present, future 19

20. THE SIMPLE PRESENT (d) NEGATIVE: He doesn’t watch TV on weekends.
1-1 THE SIMPLE PRESENT AND THE PRESENT
PROGRESSIVE
THE SIMPLE PRESENT
(d) NEGATIVE:
He doesn’t watch TV on weekends.
(e) QUESTION:
Does that dog bark loudly?
events or situations
SIMPLE PRESENT (always, usually, habitually)
in the past, present, future 20

21. THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
1-1 THE SIMPLE PRESENT AND THE PRESENT
PROGRESSIVE
THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
(f) Magda is feeding her horse right now.
(g) I can’t talk now. I am playing the guitar.
(h) They are eating dinner right now.

22. THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
1-1 THE SIMPLE PRESENT AND THE PRESENT
PROGRESSIVE
THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
(f) Magda is feeding her horse right now.
(g) I can’t talk now. I am playing the guitar.
(h) They are eating dinner right now.
PRESENT an activity in progress
PROGRESSIVE (is happening right now) 22

23. THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
1-1 THE SIMPLE PRESENT AND THE PRESENT
PROGRESSIVE
THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
NEGATIVE:
It isn’t snowing right now.
(j) QUESTION:
Is it snowing right now?
PRESENT
PROGRESSIVE am, is, are + -ing
FORM: 23

24. THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
1-1 THE SIMPLE PRESENT AND THE PRESENT
PROGRESSIVE
THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
start
now
finish? x x x i n p r o g r e s s

25. It swims. It is swimming. 1-2 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PRESENT AND
THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
It swims.
It is swimming.

26. STATEMENT They run. They are running. SIMPLE PRESENT
1-2 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PRESENT AND
THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
STATEMENT
SIMPLE PRESENT
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
They run.
They are running.
people in
running clothes –
but not running.

27. QUESTION Do you run? Are you running? SIMPLE PRESENT
1-2 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PRESENT AND
THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
QUESTION
SIMPLE PRESENT
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
Do you run?
Are you running?

28. CONTRACTIONS I am I’m running. + = you she + is + are = You’re She’s
1-2 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PRESENT AND
THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
CONTRACTIONS I am
I’m
running. + =
you
she + is +
are =
You’re
She’s
running. =
running.
Pronoun be

29. CONTRACTIONS does + not = doesn’t do + not = don’t She doesn’t run.
1-2 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PRESENT AND
THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
CONTRACTIONS
does +
not =
doesn’t do +
not =
don’t
She doesn’t run.
They don’t run.

30. CONTRACTIONS is + not = isn’t are aren’t + not = (am + not = am not)
1-2 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PRESENT AND
THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
CONTRACTIONS is +
not =
isn’t
are
aren’t
He isn’t running. +
not =
(am
+ not = am not)
They aren’t running.
I am not running.

31. ? It’s Monday, and my mom is teaching math. or daily / usual habit
1-1 / 1-2 LET’S PRACTICE
It’s Monday, and my mom is teaching math. ?
daily / usual habit or
happening right now

32. ? She doesn’t usually teach on Monday. or daily / usual habit
1-1 / 1-2 LET’S PRACTICE
She doesn’t usually teach on Monday. ?
daily / usual habit or
happening right now

33. ? She usually teaches on Tuesday and Thursday. or daily / usual habit
1-1 / 1-2 LET’S PRACTICE
She usually teaches on Tuesday and Thursday. ?
daily / usual habit or
happening right now

34. ? Today is unusual. She is teaching a class for new students. or
1-1 / 1-2 LET’S PRACTICE
Today is unusual. She is teaching a
class for new students. ?
daily / usual habit or
happening right now

35. 2. The birds __________ right now. are singing
1-1 / 1-2 LET’S PRACTICE
1. Are you _______?
listening
listen
2. The birds __________ right now.
are singing
sing
3. They _____ every morning.
sing
sing

36. before I go to sleep. 1. Are you ________ TV? watching
1-1 / 1-2 LET’S PRACTICE
1. Are you ________ TV?
watching
watch
2. No, I am ____________.
checking
check
3. I always ___________
before I go to sleep.
check
check

37. Ayako frequently talks on the phone.
1-3 FREQUENCY ADVERBS
always
Ayako frequently talks on the phone. 37

38. positive negative 100% 0% always almost always usually often
1-3 FREQUENCY ADVERBS
always
100%
almost always
usually
often
positive
frequently
generally
sometimes
occasionally
seldom
rarely
negative
hardly ever
almost never 0%
not ever, never 38

39. (a) Hannah always eats lunch at school.
1-3 FREQUENCY ADVERBS
(a) Hannah always eats lunch at school.
SUBJECT + FREQ ADV + SIMPLE PRESENT VERB
(except be)
(b) Hannah is always happy.
SUBJECT + BE +
FREQ ADV

40. (c) Does he usually walk to school?
1-3 FREQUENCY ADVERBS
QUESTION
(c) Does he usually walk to school?
FREQ ADV
SUBJECT +

41. (d) Alex usually doesn’t eat meat.
1-3 FREQUENCY ADVERBS
(d) Alex usually doesn’t eat meat.
FREQ ADV +
NEGATIVE VERB
(except always & ever)
(e) Alex doesn’t always eat meat.
Negative helping verb
Negative be verb +
always

42. Negative adverb + negative verb
1-3 FREQUENCY ADVERBS
(f) CORRECT: Marcy never drinks milk.
(g) INCORRECT: Marcy doesn’t never drink milk.
Negative adverb + negative verb

43. Negative adverb + negative verb
1-3 FREQUENCY ADVERBS
seldom
rarely
Negative
adverbs
hardly ever
almost never
not ever, never
Negative adverb + negative verb

44. questions about frequency
1-3 FREQUENCY ADVERBS
Do you ever ride horses?
Yes, I sometimes ride horses.
(h)
questions about frequency
Ever
“at any time”

45. No, I don’t ever ride horses.
1-3 FREQUENCY ADVERBS
No, I don’t ever ride horses.
Do you ride horses?
(i)
Ever with not

46. Ever NOT used in statements
1-3 FREQUENCY ADVERBS
I ever
ride horses.
Do you ride horses?
(j)
Ever NOT used in statements

47. Jacob plays his guitar. Jacob his guitar. often plays often
1-3 LET’S PRACTICE
often
Jacob plays his guitar.
Jacob his guitar.
often plays

48. The baby is usually happy.
1-3 LET’S PRACTICE
usually
The baby is happy.
The baby is usually happy.

49. Katie is at her violin lesson on Thursday.
1-3 LET’S PRACTICE
always
Katie is at her violin lesson on Thursday.
Katie is always at her violin lesson on Thursday.

50. 1-4 FINAL -S
She eats.
They eat together.
She eats.

51. (b) PLURAL: two dogs, three dogs, many dogs, all dogs, etc.
1-4 FINAL -S
(a) SINGULAR: one dog
(b) PLURAL: two dogs, three dogs,
many dogs, all dogs, etc.
SINGULAR = one, not two or more
PLURAL = two, three, or more

52. A singular verb ends in -s.
1-4 FINAL -S
(c) Dogs bark.
(d) A dog barks.
A plural noun ends in -s.
A singular verb ends in -s.

53. (e) A cat plays with the ball. It plays in the basement.
1-4 FINAL -S
(e) A cat plays with the ball.
It plays in the basement.
Zoe plays with her toys.
She plays happily.
Tyler plays with his toy trucks.
He plays every day.
a singular subject +
a singular verb

54. ? Justin has two children. singular verb or plural verb singular noun
1-4 LET’S PRACTICE
Justin has two children.
singular
verb
singular or
plural
noun or
verb ?

55. ? Peaches are usually delicious. plural noun or plural verb singular
1-4 LET’S PRACTICE
Peaches are usually delicious.
plural
noun
singular or
plural
noun or
verb ?

56. ? Peaches are usually delicious. plural verb or plural verb singular
1-4 LET’S PRACTICE
Peaches are usually delicious.
plural
verb
singular or
plural
noun or
verb ?

57. ? My mom teaches at the university. singular verb or plural verb
1-4 LET’S PRACTICE
My mom teaches at the university.
singular
verb
singular or
plural
noun or
verb ?

58. 1-5 SPELLING OF FINAL -SI-ES
My mom grows tomatoes
in her garden.

59. add -s, not -es, for most verbs add -s, for verbs ending in -e
1-5 SPELLING OF FINAL -SI-ES
visit
speak
visits
speaks
visites
speakes
ride
write
rides
writes
add -s, not -es, for most verbs
add -s, for verbs ending in -e

60. add -es to -ch, -sh, -s, -x, -z
1-5 SPELLING OF FINAL -SI-ES
(c) catch
wash
catches
washes
miss
misses
fixes
fix
buzz
buzzes
add -es to -ch, -sh, -s, -x, -z

61. consonant: change + -y to -i, & add -es
1-5 SPELLING OF FINAL -SI-ES
(d) fly
flies
flys
paies
payes
(e) pay
pays
consonant: change + -y to -i, & add -es
vowel + -y: add -s

62. (f) go do goes does have has irregular forms
1-5 SPELLING OF FINAL -SI-ES
(f) go do
goes
does
have
has
irregular forms

63. 1-5 LET’S PRACTICE
-s or -es?
Verb?
The child smile s
a lot.

64. 1-5 LET’S PRACTICE
-s or -es?
Verb?
The girl
wash es
the car.

65. 1-5 LET’S PRACTICE
-s or -es?
Verb? He do es
his laundry on Monday.

66. 1. The President leaves for States. ( Simple Past Tense)
Journalistic usage of simple present tense
(for Headlines only)
1. The President leaves for States. ( Simple Past Tense)
2. The President leaving for States. ( Immediate future, within 24 hours)
3. The President is to leave for States. ( Distant future Tense, after 24 hours)

67. 1.Non Action Verbs & Action Verbs 2.Stative Verbs & Dynamic VerbsOR
2.Stative Verbs & Dynamic Verbs

68. 1-6 NON-ACTION VERBS
Elaine has a new car.

69. ≠ I am wanting I am something preferring I am knowing
1-6 NON-ACTION VERBS
I am wanting
something
to drink.
I am
preferring
iced tea.
I am knowing
your sister.
(a) I know your sister.
I’m thirsty.
I want something to drink.
(c) I prefer iced tea.
non-action verbs existing situation
action in progress? non-action verbs ≠

70. (d) I think that learning English is important.
1-6 NON-ACTION VERBS
(d) I think that learning English is important.
(e) I am thinking about studying right now.
when think = believe (non-progressive)
when think = thoughts in a person’s mind
(can be progressive)

71. (f) Jesse has a motorbike.
1-6 NON-ACTION VERBS
(f) Jesse has a motorbike.
(g) My aunt is having an operation.
when have = own (not used in progressive)
when have own (can be progressive) ≠

72. Does he always ________ your birthday? remember
1-6 LET’S PRACTICE
PROGRESSIVE VERBS or NON-ACTION VERBS
remember
Does he always ________ your birthday?
remember

73. Are you ______ trouble with your homework? having
1-6 LET’S PRACTICE
PROGRESSIVE VERBS or NON-ACTION VERBS
have
Are you ______ trouble with your homework?
having

74. What _____________ about? is she thinking
1-6 LET’S PRACTICE
PROGRESSIVE VERBS or NON-ACTION VERBS
she, think
What _____________ about?
is she thinking

75. 1-7 PRESENT VERBS: SHORT ANSWERS TO
YES/NO QUESTIONS
Is Andrew muddy?

76. Dynamic Verbs Vs Stative Verbs
Dynamic verbs show action. They can be used in progressive tenses.
E.g. I am operating the computer.
Stative verbs show state rather than action. They can not be used in progressive tenses.
E.g. I like my class.
* Note: Categories of Stative Verbs:
- Mental Activity. (forget, remembers, understands, etc)
- Possession and Being (own, has, have, belong to )
- Attitude (behave, love , hate)
- Senses (feel, respond )
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77. QUESTIONS WITH DO / DOES
1-7 PRESENT VERBS: SHORT ANSWERS TO
YES/NO QUESTIONS
QUESTIONS WITH DO / DOES
QUESTION: Does Cheryl like yogurt?
SHORT ANSWER: Yes, she does.
No, she doesn’t.
LONG ANSWER: Yes, she likes yogurt.
No, she doesn’t like yogurt.

78. QUESTIONS WITH DO / DOES
1-7 PRESENT VERBS: SHORT ANSWERS TO
YES/NO QUESTIONS
QUESTIONS WITH DO / DOES
QUESTION: Do you like yogurt?
SHORT ANSWER: Yes, I do.
No, I don’t.
LONG ANSWER: Yes, I like yogurt.
No, I don’t like yogurt.

79. LONG ANSWER: Yes, I am teaching. No, I’m not teaching.
1-7 PRESENT VERBS: SHORT ANSWERS TO
YES/NO QUESTIONS
QUESTIONS WITH BE
QUESTION: Are you teaching ?
SHORT ANSWER: Yes, I am.
No, I’m not.
LONG ANSWER: Yes, I am teaching.
No, I’m not teaching.

80. SHORT ANSWER: Yes, she is. No, she’s not. No, she isn’t.
1-7 PRESENT VERBS: SHORT ANSWERS TO
YES/NO QUESTIONS
QUESTIONS WITH BE
QUESTION: Is Madison a teacher?
SHORT ANSWER: Yes, she is.
No, she’s not.
No, she isn’t.
LONG ANSWER: Yes, she is (she’s) a teacher.
No, she’s not a teacher.
No, she isn’t a teacher.

81. LONG ANSWER: Yes, they are (they’re) teachers.
1-7 PRESENT VERBS: SHORT ANSWERS TO
YES/NO QUESTIONS
QUESTIONS WITH BE
QUESTION: Are Jean and Ali teaching ?
SHORT ANSWER: Yes, they are.
No, they’re not.
No, they aren’t.
LONG ANSWER: Yes, they are (they’re) teachers.
No, they’re not teachers.
No, they aren’t teachers.

82. Does __________many text messages?
1-7 QUESTIONS WITH DO/DOES
Oscar, send
Oscar send
Does __________many text messages?
Yes, _______.
he does

83. ____________a text message right now? Is he sending
1-7 QUESTIONS WITH DO/DOES
he, send
____________a text message right now?
Is he sending
No, ______.
he isn’t

84. you, like your sister, like
1-7 LET’S PRACTICE
you, like
_________ scary movies?
Do you like
Yes, ___.
I do
your sister, like
Does your sister like
__________________ scary movies, too?
No, ___________.
she doesn’t