1. Actinomycetes and Filamentous Bacteria

2. Filamentous Prokaryotes
Actinomycetes
Nocardia and related Acid-fast Organisms

3. Actinomycetes Actinis: Ray Mycetes: Fungi
Initially thought to be fungi; now known to be prokaryotes
Diverse group of organisms
Acid fast

4. Acid-Fast Organisms resistant to normal gram staining
Mycolic acid in walls
Special staining procedure: Acid-fast stain

5. Environmental Importance of Actinomycetes
Mineralization of organic matter in soil
Antibiotic production
Bulking and foaming in wastewater treatment plants

6. Wastewater Treatment Plants
Primary treatment
Physical treatment
Removal of grit
Settling of particulate matter
Secondary treatment
Biological treatment
Microorganisms mineralize organic matter

8. Process Parameters Suspended Solids BOD
Mixed-liquor suspended solids (MLSS)
MLVSS
Generally can be used as a measure of microbial biomass.
BOD
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
Oxygen consumed in mineralization of organic carbon
Measure of food available for microbes

9. F:M
Food to microorganism ratio
Approximated by MLVSS:BOD

10. Bulking and Foaming
Filamentous Bacteria in Activated Sludge Treatment Plants

11. Activated Sludge and Flocs