1. Microbial Ecology Microbes in their Environment Microbe-Microbe Interactions Biogeochemistry (Cycling of Elements) Microbe-Higher Organism Interactions Environmental Pollution Control

2. Positive Population Interactions

3. Protocooperation

4. Protocooperative Consortium

5. Negative Population Interactions

6. Predators

7. Ant-Fungi Mutualism Actinomycete amensalism of parasitic fungi Fungal-Fungal Parasitism

8. Carbon Biogeochemistry

9. Aerobic Carbon Use

10. Anaerobic Carbon Use (No Oxygen)

11. Carbon Biogeochemistry

12. SOIL Oxygen supply limited by mineral particle size, organic matter content and water content. Plant roots may also add oxygen to deeper soils or anaerobic soils. Water saturation leads to anaerobic conditions and increased denitrification. Distribution of microbes depends on organic matter supply and source (humus and root exudates)

13. = Actinomycetes = Cyanobacteria Soil Close-Up Geosmin = “earthy smell”

15. Mycorrhizae Fungi Ectomycorrhizal association between Douglas Fir (Pseuditsuga menziesii) and a boletus-like mushroom (Suillus caerulescens).

16. Legume Root Nodule formed by Rhizobium spp.

17. Bovine Rumen It’s a 100+ liter cellulose-degrading methane-producing microbial incubation.

22. There are only a few manned submersibles in the world that can explore hydrothermal vent communities (e.g. Alvin)

23. Control Point Sources Wastewater Treatment Raw Sewage (99.9% water to 0.1% waste) Pollutants in sewage are: –Debris and grit –Particulate organic material –Colloidal and dissolved organic material –Dissolved inorganic material –Human Pathogens –Toxic Chemicals –Pharmaceuticals

24. Wastewater Treatment Preliminary (physical screening) Primary (physically settle solids) Secondary (biological) –Remove organics aerobicaly (lower BOD) –Solids production (separate water and “sludge”) –Sludge Treatment (solids reduced) Tertiary (biological or chemical “polishing”) –Biological nutrient removal systems –Pathogen removal by chlorine or ozone –Chemical nutrient removal (costly)

25. Wastewater Treatment

26. Secondary Treatment: Activated Sludge (aerobic) Trickle Filters (aerobic) Anaerobic Sludge Digesters

27. Trickle Filter Biofilms

28. What da Floc? Bacterial growth in activated sludge digested (aerobic) will aggregate (floc). Dissolved organics aggregate with bacterial growth and removed from the water. Imbalances may cause growth of filamentous bacteria or fungi; prevents settling; called “bulking”.

29. Anaerobic Sludge Digester (Methane Production)

30. What’s a coliform? Why test them? How can we test for them?