1. Notice: Active Voice: S + Vb + O Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa between 1504- 1519 Passive Voice Passive Subj + Passive Vb + by-agent (be+participle ) The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci between 1504- 1519

2. PASSIVE VERB: PASSIVE VERB: BE (conjugated) + PARTICIPLE OF MAIN VERB  ACTIVE VERB: Present Simple: Artists use different techniques Present Continuous: All students are painting a beautiful landscape. Past Simple: They stole a valuable painting yesterday. Past Continuous: Someone was painting the queen’s portrait Future with WILL: They will open the new art gallery soon Future with BE GOING TO: The students are going to draw a sketch today..  PASSIVE VERB: BE+ P.P. Present Simple: Different techniques are used by artists Present Continuous: A beautiful landscape is being painted by all students. Past Simple: A valuable painting was stolen yesterday (by them) Past Continuous The queen’s portrait was being painted (by someone) Future with WILL: The new art gallery will be opened soon (by them) Future with BE GOING TO: A sketch is going to be drawn by the students today

3. PASSIVE VERB: PASSIVE VERB: BE (conjugated) + PARTICIPLE OF MAIN VERB  ACTIVE VERB: Present Perfect: Stephen Wiltshire has already drawn a lot of cities Past Perfect: The family had visited this gallery before.  PASSIVE VERB: BE+ P.P. Present Perfect A lot of cities have already been drawn by Stephen Wiltshire. Past Perfect This art gallery had been visited by the family before.

4. Are the following sentences ACTIVE or PASSIVE?  1. The thief took a lot of wallets 2. Van Gogh didn’t sell many paintings while he was alive. 3. A lot of kings have been painted throughout history. 4. Some famous masterpieces have been sold here. 5. Charcoal was used in this drawing. 6. Many artists live in poor conditions. 7. Many sculptures are made of stone 8. Velázquez’s most famous paintings will be studied in this unit. 9. The Art teacher bought a huge canvas for a school painting. 10. The sculpturer was offered a lot of money for his sculpture best sculpture. 11. The Sixtine Chapel was painted by Michelangelo The passive sentences are 3,4,5, 7,8, 10 and 11

5. Your Turn!Turn the following sentences into PASSIVE VOICE 1. The artist chose watercolors for this painting. Watercolours were chosen for this painting by the artist. 2. Our students have visited the Prado Museum twice. The Prado Museum has been visited by our students twice. 3. James is going to use oil in his next painting. Oil is going to be used by James in his next painting. 4. Everybody will admire my masterpiece in the future. My masterpiece will be admired in the future (by everybody) 5. Nobody brings little children to this kind of museums. Little children are not brought to this kind of museums. 6. Thousands of people are visiting art galleries right now. Art galleries are being visited by thousands of people right now.

6. Passives with 2 objects (direct and indirect) NOTICE: They offered the artist a lot of money Subj VB IO D0 PASSIVE: 2 WAYS CD as subject: A lot of money was offered to the artist (Mucho dinero fue ofrecido al pintor/Se le ofreció mucho dinero al pintor) CI as subject: The artist was offered a lot of money (Al pintor le dieron mucho dinero /Al pintor se le ofreció mucho dinero)

7. More examples:  They have just told me the name of the artist. I have just been told the name of the artist (by them) The name of the artist has just been told TO me (by them )  Our school will give the best students a prize The best students will be given a prize by our school. A prize will be given TO the best students by our school.  They will buy him one of Picasso’s paintings. He will be bought one of Picasso’s paintings (by them). One of Picasso’s paintings will be bought TO him (by them)

8. When do we prefer to use the Passive Voice over the Active?  When we want to FOCUS on the ACTION rather than on the AGENT for different reasons. In many cases, the agent is omitted. For example: 1. When the agent is OBVIOUS The fire was put out (by the fire brigade) soon after it had begun. Students are taught Art in this school (by the teacher) 2. When the agent is UNKNOWN He was sent an invitation for the Goya’s exhibition in town(by somebody) He’s been told (by someone) that this museum is really interesting. 3. When the agent is GENERAL (people, everybody…) Dali’s paintings are admired in a lot of countries in the world (by people)

9. Watch this video where passive structures are constantly used http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/grammar-vocabulary/grammar- videos/passive-forms http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/grammar-vocabulary/grammar- videos/passive-forms