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Computer Architecture Organization and Architecture www.bscshelp.com
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Lecture Overview This course of Computer Architecture Aims of this course Structures and Functions of a system Basic Functions of a system Different functional views Simplified structure of a system Structural view of different components
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Organization and Architecture Computer Organization It is the way hardware components operate and they are connected to form the computer system. Computer Architecture It is the structure and behavior of the computer as seen by the user. It includes the information formats, the instruction set, and techniques for addressing memory.
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Organization and Architecture Organization is how features are implemented, typically hidden from the programmer. Control signals, interfaces, memory technology. Architecture is those attributes visible to the programmer Instruction set, number of bits used for data representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing techniques.
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Why it is important to learn this course? To understand the structure and operation of computers and how these impact on performance and program design. To understand the tradeoffs among various components such as CPU clock speed & memory size. To appreciate the impact of technology trends and market forces upon computer design. To make informed computer design, infrastructure development, and purchasing decisions
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Aims of this Course Learn the concepts discussed in the Course Develop a deeper understanding of computer systems as a foundation for lifelong study of computer systems design. Practice professional skills in design and analysis, project management, and presentation
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Main Topics to be covered Introduction Computer Evolution/Performance Computer Memories, Cache Memory, Internal Memory, External Memory Instruction Sets: Addressing modes, Formats, Functions Processor Structure & Function : Instruction cycle, pipelining RISC Instruction Level Parallelism and Superscalar Processors Parallel Processing Multicore Computers Micro-programmed Control
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Is CA really important? The computer lies at the heart of computing. Without it most of the computing disciplines today would be a branch of theoretical mathematics. To be a professional in any field of computing today, one should not regard the computer as just a black box that executes programs by magic. All students of computing should acquire some understanding and appreciation of a computer system's functional components, their characteristics, their performance, and their interactions. There are practical implications as well. Students need to understand computer architecture in order to structure a program so that it runs more efficiently on a real machine. In selecting a system to use, they should to able to understand the tradeoff among various components, such as CPU clock speed vs. memory size. (IEEE/ACM Computer Curricula )
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Lecture Overview Hierarchical nature of a complex system Structures and Functions of a system Basic Functions of a system Different functional views Simplified structure of a system Structural view of different components
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Hierarchical Nature of Complex Systems Each level of system hierarchy consists of set of components and their interrelationships Operation of components Function Interrelation of components Structure Each successively higher layer describes simplified/more abstract view of lower levels
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Structures and Functions Structure is the way in which components relate to each other. Function is the operation of individual components as part of the structure.
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Basic Functions of a system Data Processing: the carrying out of operations on data, especially by a computer, to retrieve, transform, or classify information. Data may take a wide variety of forms and range of processing requirements. Data Storage: is a technology consisting of computer components and recording media used to retain digital data. Temporary and long term storage during different operations. Data Movement Movement of date between I/O and long distance data communication. Control Control of the above mentioned three functions.
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Functional View Data Movement Input from Keyboard to Monitor
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Functional View Data Storage Copy or download to a disk
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Functional View Data Processing Updating a file or data
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Functional View Data Processing Processing from storage to I/O
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