1. The Wedge Game: Education Applications The Wedge Game presented in slides 2-6 developed by: Rob Socolow and Steve Pacala Carbon Mitigation Initiative Princeton University www.princeton.edu/~cmi 1R. Cooter & K. Cooter, 2011

2. 20552005 14 7 Billions of Tonnes of Carbon Emitted per Year 1955 0 Historical emissions 1.9  2105 Historical emissions profile Science, Vol 305, Issue 5686, 968-972, 13 Aug. 2004 Scientific American, Special Issue, pp. 50-57, Sept. 2006 2

3. Flat path The stabilization triangle 20552005 14 7 Billions of Tonnes of Carbon Emitted per Year 1955 0 Historical emissions 2105 Stabilization Triangle Currently projected path O Interim Goal 500 - 550ppm in 50 years. Steep decline beyond 3

4. 7 BtC/y Wedges 20552005 14 7 Billion of Tonnes of Carbon Emitted per Year 1955 0 Currently projected path Flat path Historical emissions 2105 14 BtC/y Seven “wedges” O 4

5. What is a wedge? An activity that reduces emissions to the atmosphere that starts at zero today and increases linearly until it accounts for 1 BtC/yr of reduced carbon emissions in 2055 1 BtC/yr 50 years Total = 25B tonnes of carbon 5

6. Energy Efficiency and Conservation Fuel Switching Forests & Soils CO 2 Capture and Storage Nuclear Fission Stabilization Triangle 20052055 7 BtC/y 14 BtC/y What are the options? Renewable Electricity and Fuels 6

7. Questions: Are the data for education in America analogous to the issues raised by raised by Socolow and Pacala in their Carbon Mitigation Initiative? How might we apply “Wedge Theory” logic for improving education for those living in poverty circumstances? Let’s take a brief look at some education data… 7R. Cooter & K. Cooter, 2011

8. 8 8 th grade (Note: National Avg. = 156) R. Cooter & K. Cooter, 2011

9. 8 th grade (Note: National Avg. = 156; Female avg. = 166, Male avg. = 146) 9

10. So, how might we define an educational wedge for improving learning for kids from poverty? An intervention that helps increase student learning, reduce the drop-out rate*, AND effectively eliminates a defined portion of the achievement gaps between racial, ethnic, and socio-economic groups by 2022? __% / yr 10 years INTERVENTION 10R. Cooter & K. Cooter, 2011

11. THINK / GROUP CONSENSUS / SHARE THINK- On your own, write down four “wedges” you feel would be effective in achieving the stated goal. GROUP CONSENSUS – In your assigned group, each person will share their top “wedge” in achieving the goal. (Have someone record each person’s goal as you go along.) After each person has shared their top goal, repeat the process until everyone has share their four wedges. Next, your group must come to consensus on four wedges they feel might achieve the goal. Record your group’s four wedges on chart paper. SHARE – Elect a spokesperson to share your group’s wedges when called upon by the leader. 11R. Cooter & K. Cooter, 2011