1. Fisheries policy in China Sixth Project Meeting · Bangkok · April 2008 EC C. No. 003711 Prof. Dr. Marleen Brans Marleen.Brans@soc.kuleuven.be Prof. Laurent Van Depoele Laurent.VanDepoele@arts.kuleuven.be Gianluca Ferraro Gianluca.Ferraro@soc.kuleuven.be

2. EC C. No. 003711 Theoretical upgrade: the Model Gianluca Ferraro Public Management Institute Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Interactive Model of Policy Implementation (Grindle & Thomas 1991)

3. EC C. No. 003711 China: Legislative framework UNCLOS A21 CCRF Fisheries management - Licensing - Quotas Marine protection - MPAs 1986 Fisheries Law 1987 Implementation Measures 1982 MEPL 1994 Regulations on natural reserves 1995 Measures on natural reserves 2000 Amended FL 2002/04 Provisions on Licensing 1999 Amended MEPL 1994 China Agenda 21 (Chapter 14F) + 1996 Ocean Agenda 21 1996 UNCLOS Ratification 1998 Law on the EEZ Gianluca Ferraro Public Management Institute Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

4. EC C. No. 003711 China: Administrative framework Gianluca Ferraro Public Management Institute Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Beijing Guangdong Province South China Sea MOA LMB: GDOFA FMB SOA SEPA SOA DivisionCFMB Fisheries Resources ManagementMarine Environmental Protection State Council MOLR Provincial Government Societal interests

5. EC C. No. 003711 South China Sea Guangdong Province Gianluca Ferraro Public Management Institute Katholieke Universiteit Leuven China: Administrative framework

6. EC C. No. 003711 China: Management measures Gianluca Ferraro Public Management Institute Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Outcome Objective Output International levelNational level Input controls  Licensing system Output controls  Quota system Technical measures  MPAs POLICY TOOLS LSNumber of vessels, tonnage, power QSAmount of catch MPAsNumber and size of areas Indicators for the outcome of each policy tool Categories of policy tools from Charles (2001) and FAO (1997)

7. EC C. No. 003711 China: Licensing system and input controls Gianluca Ferraro Public Management Institute Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

8. Tab. xx: Powered fishing fleets in China 200020012002200320042005 Number 487 297479 810478 406514 739509 717513 913 Tonnage (GT) 6 849 3266 986 1596 933 9497 225 6607 115 1957 139 746 Power (kW) 14 257 89114 570 75014 880 68515 735 82415 506 72015 861 838 Source: FAO (2007: 27). EC C. No. 003711 China: Licensing system and input controls Tab. xx: Number of fishers in China 19901995200020032004 7 351 9278 759 1629 213 3408 838 6388 528 361 Source: FAO (2007: 24). Gianluca Ferraro Public Management Institute Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

9. EC C. No. 003711 China: Quota system and output controls Gianluca Ferraro Public Management Institute Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

10. EC C. No. 003711 China: Quota system and output controls Fig. xx: China’s Marine Catch: 1996-2002 Year 19961997199819999200020012002 Output (million tonnes)12.4913.8514.9714.9814.7814.4114.34 Source: Xue 2005: 117 Gianluca Ferraro Public Management Institute Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

11. EC C. No. 003711 China: Marine Protected Areas Gianluca Ferraro Public Management Institute Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

12. EnactmentOK ExecutionPolicy characteristics Arena of conflict: Bureaucratic EnforcementResource requirement Arena of conflict: Bureaucratic and Public EC C. No. 003711 Implementation of the international regime for fisheries in China Gianluca Ferraro Public Management Institute Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

13. UNCLOS: NO A21: new comprehensive approaches CBD and COPs: ‘confused series of statements’ (Turrell 2004) Decision V/6 2000 “ […] a strategy for […] integrated management […] that promotes conservation and sustainable use […]” CCRF: focus on marine ecosystems Reykjavik Declaration 2001 Incorporation of ‘ecosystem considerations’ in fisheries management JPOI: EA by 2010 EC C. No. 003711 China: Ecosystem approach? Gianluca Ferraro Public Management Institute Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

14. A ‘working version’ of the concept is still lacking (Smith & Maltby 2003; Turrell 2004) The EA can be implemented in multiple ways (CIEAF 2006) Therefore, Our definition: EA as a framework for thinking and acting ecologically, by bridging biological, sociological, and economic considerations in decision- making and plannig (Charles 2001; Smith & Maltby 2003; Turrell 2004; Wit 2004) Our method: looking for the ‘presence of marine ecosystem considerations’ in the legal framework (qualitative content analysis) EC C. No. 003711 China: Ecosystem approach? Gianluca Ferraro Public Management Institute Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

15. China Ocean Agenda 21 and MEPL 1999: concern on ecosystem But a policy tradition of resources exploitation, still in FL 2000 (vertical dimension of EA) A National Ocean Policy But a tradition of sectorial laws and uses of the sea, and a fragmented administration (horizontal dimension of EA) To sum up: EA not yet mature in China EC C. No. 003711 China: Ecosystem approach? Gianluca Ferraro Public Management Institute Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

16. Initial considerations on options: 1)Enhancement of policy characteristics As seen for the tools and the EA 2)Better coordination in the arena of conflict As seen for the tools and the EA Butother relevant socio-economic issues to be taken into account (economic growth and employment) EC C. No. 003711 China: Conclusion Gianluca Ferraro Public Management Institute Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

17. Comments EC C. No. 003711 Gianluca Ferraro Public Management Institute Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

18. DeliverableDescriptionMonth D11Report on the public policies analysis41 D11.2Report on the inventory of public interventions17 D11.5Report on the effectiveness of the application of the CCRF41 D11.1Report on present-day fishing policies regarding the WSSD plan of achievement11 D11.4Report on the coherence of fishery management32 D11.3Report on the global assessment of fishing management policies23 D12Report on the public policy options47 D15Book on public policy options, societal cost, CCRF and WSSD47 DeliverableDescriptionMonth D11Report on the public policies analysisDecember 2009 Case 1: ChinaD11.2 : Report on the inventory of public interventions D11.5 : Report on the effectiveness of the application of the CCRF D11.1: Report on present-day fishing policies regarding the WSSD plan of achievement D11.4 : Report on the coherence of fishery management D11.3: Report on the global assessment of fishing management policies May 08 / Aug 08 Case 2: SenegalSep 08 / Feb 9 Case 3: JamaicaMar 09 / Aug 09 D12Report on the public policy optionsDecember 2009 D15Book on public policy options, societal cost, CCRF and WSSDFebruary 2010 Gianluca Ferraro Public Management Institute Katholieke Universiteit Leuven ???

19. EC C. No. 003711 Gianluca Ferraro Public Management Institute Katholieke Universiteit Leuven