1. The Reform Impulse,1820-1860

2. I). Origins A. Economics B. Social Costs II). Reformers III). Abolition IV). Women’s Rights

3. Reform Origins, Economic Economic 1). Industrialization 2). Cities 3). Expansion 4). New Markets 5). Manufacturing

4. Early Factories American System of Manufacturing -Mass production -Interchangeable -Water power Lowell Mill Girls -Lowell, Mass -Wages-1820-1830s

5. Transportation Revolution -Canals -Steam Engine -Movement & change  Erie Canal, 1825 Lake Erie to Albany

6. Railroads, 1860 -Expansion, mobility -Markets-Information-Time-Production -Lower Cost -Employment

7. Social Costs Immigration Immigration Wages Wages Pushed off land Pushed off land Competition Competition Poverty Poverty Environment Environment Inequality Inequality

8. Religious Reform 1. 2 nd Great Awakening 2. Charles G. Finney  3. Self control 4. Anti-Materialism 5. Work 6. Temperance

9. The Beecher Family (Harriet, Henry, Lyman) Temperance Temperance Crime Crime Poverty Poverty Prostitution Prostitution Slavery Slavery Stability Stability “Americanize” “Americanize”

10. American Temperance Society, 1826 -Domestic Violence Violence-Poverty-Persuasion -Self control

11. Other Reform Movements -- Institutions: jails, insane asylums, schools, hospitals --Utopias: Shakers Oneida Community Oneida Community

12. Abolition (pg. 380) American Colonization Society -1817 -1817 -Africa: Liberia -Separate races -Under 2,000

13. David Walker --1829 --Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World -- “America is more our country, than it is the whites…”

14. William Lloyd Garrison -Massachusetts printer -The Liberator, 1831 -New England Anti-Slavery Society -Immediate abolition -Total Equality

15. American Anti-Slavery Society Philadelphia 1838 Philadelphia 1838 Bi-racial Bi-racial Women Women Mass printing Mass printing Horrors of slavery Horrors of slavery

16. Frederick Douglas -Born 1818 Maryland -1838 escaped slavery -1845 Narrative… -Founded The North Star -Pro-constitution -Advisor to Pres. Lincoln

17. Sojourner Truth Born 1787 NY Born 1787 NY Escaped slavery one year before abolished Escaped slavery one year before abolished Preacher, speaker Preacher, speaker Women’s rights within the abolition movement Women’s rights within the abolition movement Died 1883 Died 1883

18. Evolution of Women’s Rights -“Female roles” -Children and the poor -Church based -Influence public -Organize -Discrimination in Abolition mvmnt -American Female Reform Society, 1839 -Sexual inequality -Education, work

19. Women’s rights -Women=slaves -Constitution rights -Equality-Property-Children -Grimke’ Sisters -Lucretia Mott 

20. Seneca Falls Convention -New York, 1848 -1 st national convention -Declaration of Rights and Sentiments -Equality-Vote

21. Susan B. Anthony -Quaker, single -Speaker Elizabeth Cady Stanton -Married-Writer -Middle-upper class

22. Conclusions, @ 1850s -Market Revolution -Industrial Expansion -Transportation -Reform Movements -Temperance-Abolition -Women’s Rights