2. 6/24/2016 SB 3a 1 Cellular Respiration

3. 6/24/2016 SB 3a 2 SB 3 Students will derive the relationship between single-celled and multi-celled organisms and the increasing complexity of systems. a. Explain the cycling of energy through the process of photosynthesis and respiration.

4. 6/24/2016 SB 3a 3 Today’s Objective Given information and/or diagrams on cellular respiration, write and/or identify the cellular respiration equation, raw materials, products, and sites.

5. 6/24/2016 SB 3a 4 Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration is the process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen. Occurs in the mitochondria 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Energy Oxygen + Glucose  Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

6. 6/24/2016 SB 3a 5 Anaerobic Respiration Also called Fermentation No oxygen is present 1 Glucose only partially broken down to form waste products and 2 ATP’s

7. 6/24/2016 SB 3a 6 Aerobic Respiration Has to have oxygen VERY EFFICIENT Most organisms on earth are aerobic Most organisms on earth are aerobic 1 glucose completely broken down to carbon dioxide and water C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2  6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + E

8. THINK CRITICALLY To function properly, heart muscle Cells require a steady supply of Oxygen. After a heart attack, small amounts of lactic acid are present. What does this evidence suggest about the nature of a heart attack? Certain types of bacteria thrive in conditions that lack oxygen. What does that fact indicate about the way they obtain energy? 6/24/2016 SB 3a 7

9. 6/24/2016 SB 3a 8 Glycolysis Glycolysis is the process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid. 2 ATP needed to start reaction, 4 ATP are produced thus the net gain is 2 ATP. Anaerobic Process Occurs in the cytoplasm

10. Think Critically How does glycolysis depend on aerobic and anaerobic processes? 6/24/2016 SB 3a 9

11. 6/24/2016 SB 3a 10 Fermentation Releases energy from glucose without the presence of oxygen. There are two types of fermentation: alcoholic and lactic acid. Alcoholic fermentation is done by yeasts and some microorganisms. It produces alcohol & Carbon Dioxide –Pyruvate  2 Ethanol + 2 CO 2 + 2 NAD + Lactic Acid is produced by muscles during rapid exercise when the body cannot supply enough oxygen. –Pyruvate  2 Lactic Acid + 2 NAD + Anaerobic Process

12. THINK CRITICALLY Yeast cells can carry out both fermentation and cellular respiration, depending on whether oxygen is present. In which case would you expect yeast cells to grow more rapidly? Explain. 6/24/2016 SB 3a 11

13. 6/24/2016 SB 3a 12 The Krebs Cycle During the Krebs Cycle, pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions. –Carbon dioxide enters the Calvin Cycle Citric Acid is created in this cycle thus giving it the nickname Citric Acid cycle. Net ATP Production is 2 ATP. Aerobic Process Occurs in the matrix of mitochondria

14. 6/24/2016 SB 3a 13 Electron Transport Chain The electron transport chain uses the high-energy electrons from the Krebs Cycle to convert ADP to ATP. Oxygen combines with H + to form water which is sent to light reaction Occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria Total ATP 32.

15. THINK CRITICALLY Carbon monoxide (CO) molecules bring the electron transport chain in a mitochondrion to a stop by binding to an electron carrier. Use this Information to explain why carbon monoxide gas kills organisms 6/24/2016 SB 3a 14

16. 6/24/2016 SB 3a 15 Totals Glycolysis 2 ATP Krebs Cycle 2 ATP Electron Transport Chain 32 ATP Total = 36 ATP

17. 6/24/2016 SB 3a 16 Energy & Exercise Quick energy – Lactic Acid fermentation is used to get quick energy and gives off lactic acid as a by product, thus the muscle pain. Long-Term Energy – Use cellular respiration to produce energy. Exercising or activities that last for at least 15 to 20 minutes. Best form for weight control.

18. 6/24/2016 SB 3a 17 Comparing Photosynthesis & Respiration Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Function Energy Storage Energy Release LocationChloroplastsMitochondria Reactants CO 2 and H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 and O 2 Products CO 2 and H 2 O Equation 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O

19. 6/24/2016 SB 3a 18 Comparing Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration Aerobic (needs oxygen) Anaerobic (no oxygen) Occurs in: Most organisms Mostly yeast and bacteria 1 glucose makes: 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O Ethanol + CO 2 or lactic acid Net ATP production: 362

20. Think Critically Human brain cells do not use fermentation. Explain why a lack of oxygen for even a short period of time might result in the death of brain cells. How do photosynthesis and cellular respiration form a cycle of energy storage and use? 6/24/2016 SB 3a 19