2. BENCHMARK 2 – US History II 7.a through 9.d: World War II to the present

3. 7.a: Causes & effects leading to American involvement in WWII; including Pearl Harbor Worldwide depression Rise of Fascism German war debt USneutral/isolationism US tries to stay neutral/isolationism Lend Lease Policymilitary bases Lend Lease Policy: US trades Great Britain war supplies for military bases in the Caribbean Japanese attack Pearl Harbor Japanese attack Pearl Harbor – US gets involved USneutral/isolationism US tries to stay neutral/isolationism Lend Lease Policymilitary bases Lend Lease Policy: US trades Great Britain war supplies for military bases in the Caribbean Japanese attack Pearl Harbor Japanese attack Pearl Harbor – US gets involved

4. 7.a: Pearl Harbor Japanese are responsible for the attack of the US Naval Base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii – December 7, 1941 US ENTERS WWII

5. 7.a: The Players Allied Powers ◦ United States ◦ Great Britain ◦ Canada ◦ (later Soviet Union) Axis Powers ◦ Germany ◦ Italy ◦ Japan

6. 7.a: Allied Powers – Democratic Leaders USA = Franklin Roosevelt Great Britain = Winston Churchill Soviet Union = Josef Stalin

7. MAP OF ALLIED COUNTRIES CANADA USA GREAT BRITAIN SOVIET UNION

8. 7.a: Axis Powers – Fascist Leaders Germany = Adolf Hitler Italy = Benito Mussolini Japan = Hideki Tojo

9. MAP OF AXIS COUNTRIES GERMANY ITALY JAPAN

10. 7.b: Cause & Effects of American involvement in WWII; Major events & turning points CauseEffect/Result Germany invades PolandSets off war in Europe Germany invades FranceGermany captures Paris (capital city) Germany bombs London, EnglandBattle of Britain Begins US gives war supplies to Great Britain (LEND LEASE POLICY) In return, Britain allows US to build military bases in Bermuda & Caribbean Japan bombs Pearl Harbor 1. Germany declares war on US 2. US declares war on Japan & Germany Battle of Midway 1. US victory over Japan Turning point 2. Turning point in the war in the Pacific Germany invades Soviet Union 1. Soviet Union defeats Germany at Stalingrad Turning point 2. Turning point in Eastern Europe (1942- 1943)

11. 7.b: Cause & Effects of American involvement in WWII; Major events & turning points CauseEffect/Result D-Day Invasion American & Allied troops land in Normandy, France: D-Day Invasion liberate/free Western Europe Allies begin to liberate/free Western Europe; freeing concentration camps (June 1944) US drops 2 atomic bombs on Japan US drops 2 atomic bombs on Japan: Hiroshima (Aug. 6, 1945) and Nagasaki (Aug. 9, 1945) Forces Japan to surrender Forces Japan to surrender: Sept. 1945 (Germany had officially surrendered in May 1945) ENDS THE WAR

12. 7.b: The Holocaust Tactics (methods) used by Hitler & Nazis to rid Europe of Jews ◦ Boycott of Jewish stores/businesses ◦ Threats ◦ Segregation mass murder of Jews concentrationcamps/gas chambers ◦ Imprisonment & mass murder of Jews and others in concentration camps/gas chambers

13. 7.c: Impact of WWII on American Homefront Rosie the Riveter Japanese Americans held in Interment Camps until end of WW2

14. RATIONING AND CONSERVATION US HOMEFRONT CONTINUED

15. 8.a: Rebuilding of Europe & Japan after WWII; US as a world power and establishing the UN MARSHALL PLAN Provide aid/help to Western Europe Stop spread of communism Provide aid/help to Western Europe Stop spread of communism United Nations established in 1945 = Peacekeeping organization created to stop future wars

16. GERMANY AFTER WW2 Soviet Union Occupied East Germany after WW2 Allies Occupied West Germany after WW2 East Who occupied East Germany after WW2? West Who occupied West Germany after WW2?

17. 8.a continued Occupation of Germany after WWII: France Britain United States Soviet Union GERMANY AFTER WWII

18. 8.a continued: Rebuilding Japan Following WWII, Japan was occupied by American forces. It soon adopted a democratic form of government, resumed self- government, and became a strong ally of the US. Hiroshima Nagasaki Sites where atomic bombs were dropped by US

19. 8.b: US converts from wartime to peacetime economy after WW2 Rationing of consumer goods over – US converts/changes from making wartime materials to consumer goods. wartime materials consumer goods

20. 8.b cont. : US growth & economic prosperity post/after WW2 = technology boom buying on credit women return to family responsibilities labor unions help workers gain more benefits

21. 8.c: Cold War- US vs. Soviet Union USA USA ◦ Democratic ◦ Capitalist to stop spread of communism ◦ Policy of Containment: to stop spread of communism ◦ NATO SOVIET UNION SOVIET UNION ◦ Dictator ◦ Communist ◦ Domination over Eastern Europe ◦ Warsaw Pact FOCUS: DIFFERENCES IN GOALS/BELIEFS & IDEOLOGIES Domino Theory: If a nation falls under communist control, nearby nations will also fall under communist control.

22. 8.c-Cold War Conflicts Cuban Missile Crisis Korean War Vietnam War US & S. Korea resist Chinese & N. Korean aggression Soviet Union puts missiles in Cuba Concerned about domino theory; intervene to stop spread of communism Ends in stalemate US places a naval blockade around Cuba; Soviets remove missiles Ends in cease-fire agreement

23. 8.d:Changing Patterns in Society CHANGES TO AMERICAN LIFE AFTER WWII *Baby Boom – change in demographics *Healthy Job Market – more jobs *Greater Investment in Education *Interstate Highway System *Changing role of women – family & work outside the home *Eleanor Roosevelt – expands human rights *African Americans – aspiration for equal rights

24. 8.d cont.: Increased Opportunities for Veterans, Women, and Minorities G.I. BILL OF RIGHTS G.I. BILL OF RIGHTS ◦ Education; housing, employment benefits to veterans PRESIDENT TRUMAN PRESIDENT TRUMAN DESEGREGATES ARMED DESEGREGATES ARMED FORCES FORCES CIVIL RIGHTS LEGISLATION CIVIL RIGHTS LEGISLATION ◦ Increased ◦ Increased education, economic, opportunitieswomen political opportunities for women minorities and minorities

25. 8.e: Globalization Positive Effects Positive Effects ◦ Improved communication  Travel, internet, telecommunications ◦ Availability of foreign made goods Negative Effects Negative Effects ◦ Outsourcing  Obtain from outside supplier (foreign country)  Loss of American jobs Definition Definition : Linking of nations through trade, information, technologies, and communication

26. 9.a: NOW – National Organization for Women Major Goal: WORKING FOR EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN

27. 9.a: Civil Rights Movement Plessy v. Ferguson IS Plessy v. Ferguson – Separate but equal IS constitutional Brown v. Board of Education NOT Brown v. Board of Education – racial segregation in public school NOT constitutional Important People: ◦ Martin Luther King Jr ◦ Martin Luther King Jr. – passive resistance/non-violence ◦ Rosa Parks ◦ Rosa Parks – refused to give up her seat on a bus

28. 9.b: Development of New Technologies Development of new technologies in 20 th & 21st century INCREASED TRAVEL GREATER ACCESS TO NEWS IMPROVED COMMUNICATION IMPROVED QUALITY OF LIFE INCREASED TRAVEL GREATER ACCESS TO NEWS IMPROVED COMMUNICATION IMPROVED QUALITY OF LIFE CAUSE EFFECT

29. 9.d: American Foreign Policy - Immigration Late 20 th and early 21 st Century Immigrants primarily Hispanic and Asian. More people want to immigrate to the US than are allowed by law.

30. 9.d cont.: International Issues of the 21 st Century Climate Change Climate Change Terrorism Terrorism Immigration Immigration World-wide Health Issues (pandemics) World-wide Health Issues (pandemics) Conserving & protecting natural resources Conserving & protecting natural resources Future Energy Needs (dependence on foreign oil) Future Energy Needs (dependence on foreign oil)

31. Now watch it again! *study!