2. 3e. SOL Prelude to the Civil War (VUS.6c)

3. 1. We most associate William Lloyd Garrison’s The Liberator with which reform movement? A. Abolitionist B. Education C. Free-soil D. Women’s rights

4. 1. A Abolitionist The Liberator was the main abolitionist publication. Its editor, William Lloyd Garrison, was a radical abolitionist, who insisted on the immediate abolition of slavery.

5. 2. Who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin? A. Henry Ward Beecher B. John Brown C. Frederick Douglass D. Harriet Beecher Stowe

6. 2. D Harriet Beecher Stowe Published in 1852, Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin was so powerful in influencing public opinion against slavery that President Lincoln called it “the book that made the war.” Henry Ward Beecher was Harriet Stowe’s brother; he was an abolitionist minister in New York City. John Brown was a radical abolitionist, who was hanged for murder and treason after his raid on the Harper’s Ferry arsenal in 1859. Frederick Douglass was the leading Black abolitionist of his day.

7. 3. We most associate Nat Turner and Gabriel Prosser with: A. Slave rebellions in the South B. The Civil War C. Abolitionism D. Resettlement of African-Americans to Liberia

8. 3. A Slave rebellions in the South There were several attempted slave rebellions in the South. The worst was Nat Turner’s rebellion in Virginia in 1831. Before it was over, 60 Whites and 200 Blacks were killed. Nat Turner was captured and hanged. These revolts led to a strict set of laws in the South called the “Slave Codes,” that severely restricted the conditions under which the slaves lived.

9. 4. Harsh laws, designed to regulate the lives of slaves, prevent run-away slaves from escaping to freedom, and make it more difficult for Southerners to free their slaves, were called: A. Black Codes B. Jim Crow laws C. Slave Codes D. Constitution of the Confederate States of America

10. 4. C Slave Codes Laws, restricting the rights of Black Americans, followed a sequence: Slave Codes --> Black Codes --> Jim Crow laws

11. 5. What line was drawn in the Missouri Compromise of 1820, whereby new states above the line would not allow slavery, and new states below the line would allow slavery? A. 36 degrees 30 minutes north latitude B. 42nd parallel C. 49th parallel D. 54 degrees 40 minutes north latitude

12. 5. A 36 degrees 30 minutes north latitude This law applied to territories seeking admission to the Union as states. With the exception of Missouri, any new state created north of the line had to be a free state. Any new state created south of the line had to allow slavery.

13. 6. According to the Compromise of 1850, which new state was added to the Union? A. California B. Kansas C. Missouri D. Nebraska

14. 6. A California Even though half of California was above the 36/30 line, California was admitted as a free state in 1850. As part of Henry Clay’s compromise, residents of New Mexico and Utah territories could vote for or against slavery (popular sovereignty). A new fugitive slave law was passed, but it was no more effective than previous laws. The selling of slaves, but not slavery itself, was banned in the nation’s capital.

15. 7. Stephen A. Douglas’ Kansas-Nebraska Act established the principle called: A. Freeport Doctrine B. Free Soil C. Popular Sovereignty D. Secession

16. 7. C Popular sovereignty Popular sovereignty meant that the people in a territory could vote on whether their territory would enter the Union as a slave-holding or free state. It was designed to give the South a chance at gaining back some of its lost representation in Congress, principally in the the Senate. (Do not confuse Stephen A. Douglas, Illinois Senator and a presidential candidate in 1860, with Frederick Douglass, a leading Black abolitionist.)

17. 8. There was a civil war between pro- and anti- slavery forces for control of this territory. Name it. A. California B. Kansas C. Missouri D. Nebraska

18. 8. B Kansas The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, and its policy of popular sovereignty, led to a civil war in Kansas in 1856. Pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions fought each other in an attempt to control the Kansas legislature and the vote on whether or not to enter the Union as a slave/non-slave state.

19. 9. The Kansas-Nebraska Act led to the creation of which new anti-slavery political party? A. Democratic B. Free Soil C. Republican D. Whig

20. 9. C Republican At the time, the two main parties were Democrat and Whig. Those who opposed Douglas’ Kansas- Nebraska Act and its policy of popular sovereignty, formed a new abolitionist and anti-slavery party in 1854: Republican.

21. 10. “Nullification” means that: A. A state could secede from the Union B. A state did not have to obey a federal law or pay a federal tax passed by Congress C. The Supreme Court could nullify a law passed by Congress D. The federal government could declare a state law to be null and void

22. 10. B A state did not have to obey a federal law or pay a federal tax passed by Congress “Nullification” and “null and void” = to cancel The South said it had a right to refuse to obey laws that it considered unconstitutional. We associate this policy with John C. Calhoun of South Carolina, and his opposition to the Tariff of Abominations. Other southern leaders would adopt his ideas.

23. 11. Against whom did Lincoln run in the 1858 election for an Illinois seat in the U.S. Senate? A. Bell B. Buchanan C. Douglas D. Douglass

24. 11. C Douglas Lincoln lost the Senate race to Stephen A. Douglas in 1858. (Lincoln would later defeat both Bell and Douglas in the presidential election of 1860. Frederick Douglass was a Black abolitionist.)

25. 12. With whom do we associate: “a house divided against itself cannot stand?” A. F. Douglass B. W. L. Garrison C. R. E. Lee D. A. Lincoln

26. 12. D Abraham Lincoln Paraphrasing the Bible, Lincoln said that America was split between two forces: one which wanted slavery, one which did not want slavery. He said that this could not continue, or America would fall apart.

27. 13. The election of Lincoln caused which event to happen first? A. Slavery abolished B. South seceded from the Union C. Civil War started D. Virginia left the United States

28. 13. B South seceded from the Union The train of events went in this order: 1. Lincoln was elected President 2. South Carolina seceded 3. The Civil War started 4. Virginia left the United States 5. Slavery was abolished

29. 14. In the controversy over the admission of Missouri territory as a state in the Union, which of the following was not as issue for debate? A. Abolitionism B. Manifest Destiny C. Political balance between slave-holding and free states in Congress (Senate) D. Expansion of slavery westward

30. 14. B Manifest Destiny Northern abolitionists did not want slavery spreading westward out of the South. At the time of the Missouri Compromise, there was an equal balance in the Senate between the number of Senators from free and slave-holding states; it was felt that national safety required that that balance be maintained. Manifest Destiny of the 1840’s involved the expansion of America’s border to the Pacific Ocean, and was not a real part of the slavery question.

31. 15. The Compromise of 1850 was like the Kansas- Nebraska Act, in that it stated that the issue of slavery in the territories could best be settled by: A. Let the people living there vote on the issue B. Let the Missouri Compromise line be the deciding factor C. Let Congress decide D. Banning slavery in all new territories

32. 15. A Let the people living there vote on the issue This was the policy of “popular sovereignty.” Popular sovereignty = let the people decide

33. 16. In running for the U.S. Senate seat and later for the Presidency, Abraham Lincoln believed that: A. The South ought to be kicked out of the United States B. The United States was a permanent union of the states, and could not be broken up C. The South could leave the Union, if it did so peacefully D. States freely joined the United States in the 1780’s, therefore they had a right to leave the Union if they so chose

34. 16. B The United States was a permanent union of the states, and could not be broken up More than his opposition to slavery, Lincoln believed that the United States should not be broken up. Lincoln’s and the North’s main goal when the Civil War started was not to abolish slavery, but rather to restore the Union.

35. 17. In the chronology of the Civil War, which of the following happened last? A. South Carolina fired on Ft. Sumter B. Harper’s Ferry raid by John Brown C. South seceded from the Union D. Election of Lincoln as President of the United States

36. 17. A South Carolina fired on Ft. Sumter The sequence of events went in this order: 1. Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859 2. Election of Lincoln, 1860 3. South seceded,1860-61 4. Ft. Sumter attacked, 1861

37. 18. Which of the following would not have contributed to the growth of abolitionism in the north? A. The publication of Uncle Tom’s Cabin B. Westward expansion, and the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act C. The Fugitive Slave Laws D. The dependence of northern factories on southern cotton

38. 18. D The dependence of northern factories on southern cotton Most northerners were not active abolitionists. Many in the north did not oppose southern slavery: factory owners wanted cheap raw material (cotton produced by slave plantations), and factory workers did not want competition from freed slaves.

39. 19. According to the provisions of the Dred Scott decision: A. Congress could pass laws to prevent slavery from spreading into the new territories B. Slaves were property, and to stop the spread of slavery was a violation of the owners’ right to due process C. Slaves had a right to sue in state and federal courts D. Free Blacks and former slaves were United States citizens

40. 19. B Slaves were property, and to stop the spread of slavery was a violation of the owners’ right to due process Chief Justice Roger B. Taney’s decision in the case of Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) was as follows: 1. African-Americans / slaves were not U.S. citizens, and therefore could not sue. 2. Slaves were property. 3. To deny a slave-owner the right to take his “property” to another state or territory was a violation of the owner’s 5th amendment right to “due process.” 4. The Missouri Compromise, which outlawed slavery above a certain line, was unconstitutional.

41. 20. Along with the abolitionist movement, there was a movement in the 1840’s for: A. The prohibition of alcohol B. Women’s rights C. The fair treatment of American Indians D. Pacifism, to outlaw war

42. 20. B Women’s rights Many of the abolitionists were women. However, women activists were interested in more than abolition: they wanted to throw off their own shackles. In 1848, the Seneca Falls Convention was the first major women’s rights conference in America. It produced the Seneca Falls Declaration, which demanded equal rights for women in the United States. (Strangely, male abolitionists, who wanted freedom for the slaves, opposed the idea of giving the rights of free people to women.)

43. 21. The Seneca Falls Declaration chose what as its model? A. The U.S. Constitution B. Wm. Lloyd Garrison’s The Liberator C. 15th amendment, which gave Black males the right to vote D. Declaration of Independence

44. 21. D Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence has been the model for those seeking freedom and the rights of liberty both in America and in foreign nations: that all are created equal, have the right to freedom, and have the right to have a voice in society and government.

45. 22. We mainly associate Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony with: A. Abolitionism B. Women’s suffrage C. Prohibition D. Pacifism

46. 22. B Women’s suffrage Women’s suffrage = women’s right to vote Female reformers were often involved in many movements: abolition of slavery, prohibition of alcohol, education reform, prison reform, humane treatment of the insane, pacifism, etc. Their main goal, however, was suffrage: the right to vote. Without the right to vote, their impact on the other reform movements would be limited.

47. End of the SOL review of the prelude to the Civil War