1. Unit 2 Vocabulary AP World History

2. 35. Mamluks 36. Medieval 37. Mexica 38. Middle Ages 39. Minaret 40. Mississippians 41. Mita 42. Moldboard plow 43. Moundbuilders 44. Neo-Confucianism 45. Parallel descent 46. Parliament 47. People of the Book 48. Quechua 49. Quipus 50. Quran 51. Ramadan 52. Scholar-gentry 53. Seppuku 54. Serf 55. Shariah 56. Shinto 57. Shi’ite 58. Shogun 59. Shogunate 60. Sufis 61. Sultan 62. Sunni 63. Tea ceremony 64. Tribute 65. Toltecs 66. Umma 67. Vassal 68. Zakat

3. Seppuku The Japanese formal language term for ritual suicide. Hara-kiri is the common language term. Hara-kiri, which literally means "stomach cutting“, is a particularly painful method of self- destruction. Only the samurai class was allowed to commit seppuku. The Japanese formal language term for ritual suicide. Hara-kiri is the common language term. Hara-kiri, which literally means "stomach cutting“, is a particularly painful method of self- destruction. Only the samurai class was allowed to commit seppuku.

4. Zakat Religious tax, one of the five basic requirements (arkan or "pillars") of Islam. All adult Muslims of sound mind and body with a set level of income and assets are expected to pay zakat. Religious tax, one of the five basic requirements (arkan or "pillars") of Islam. All adult Muslims of sound mind and body with a set level of income and assets are expected to pay zakat.

5. Serf A peasant who is bound to the land he or she works A peasant who is bound to the land he or she works

6. Shariah The body of law that governs Muslim society The body of law that governs Muslim society

7. Quechua Andean society also known as the Inca Andean society also known as the Inca

8. Vassal In medieval Europe, a person who pledged military or other service to a lord in exchange for a gift of land or other privilege In medieval Europe, a person who pledged military or other service to a lord in exchange for a gift of land or other privilege

9. Mita A labor system used by Andean societies in which community members shared work owed to rulers and the religious community A labor system used by Andean societies in which community members shared work owed to rulers and the religious community

10. Mamluks Turkic military slaves who formed part of the army of the Abbasid Caliphate in the ninth and tenth centuries; they founded their own state in Egypt and Syria from the thirteenth to early sixteenth centuries Turkic military slaves who formed part of the army of the Abbasid Caliphate in the ninth and tenth centuries; they founded their own state in Egypt and Syria from the thirteenth to early sixteenth centuries

11. Medieval Pertaining to the middle ages of European history Pertaining to the middle ages of European history

12. Mexica The name given to themselves by the Aztec people The name given to themselves by the Aztec people

13. Middle Ages The period of European history traditionally given as 500-1500 The period of European history traditionally given as 500-1500

14. Minaret A tower attached to a mosque from which Muslims are called to worship A tower attached to a mosque from which Muslims are called to worship

15. Mississippians Were a Chalcolithic (copper age) mound- building Native American culture that flourished in the Midwestern, Eastern, and Southeastern United States from approximately 800 to 1500 A.D., varying regionally. Were a Chalcolithic (copper age) mound- building Native American culture that flourished in the Midwestern, Eastern, and Southeastern United States from approximately 800 to 1500 A.D., varying regionally.

16. Moldboard Plow A form of plow consisting of a plowshare (blade) and hitch attached to livestock. It turns the soil in one run across the field, depositing the weeds and remains of the previous crop under the soil and raising the rain- percolated nutrients back to the surface. This plow also allowed for plowing while the ground was wet. A form of plow consisting of a plowshare (blade) and hitch attached to livestock. It turns the soil in one run across the field, depositing the weeds and remains of the previous crop under the soil and raising the rain- percolated nutrients back to the surface. This plow also allowed for plowing while the ground was wet.

17. Mound-builders In North American archaeology, name given to those people who built mounds in a large area from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico and from the Mississippi River to the Appalachian Mts. The greatest concentrations of mounds are found in the Mississippi and Ohio valleys. In North American archaeology, name given to those people who built mounds in a large area from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico and from the Mississippi River to the Appalachian Mts. The greatest concentrations of mounds are found in the Mississippi and Ohio valleys.

18. Neo-Confucianism A philosophy that blended Confucianism with Buddhism and Daoism A philosophy that blended Confucianism with Buddhism and Daoism

19. Parallel Descent In Incan society, descent through both the mother and father In Incan society, descent through both the mother and father

20. Parliament A representative assembly A representative assembly

21. People of the Book A term applied by Islamic governments to Muslims, Christians, and Jews in reference to the fact that all three religions had a holy book A term applied by Islamic governments to Muslims, Christians, and Jews in reference to the fact that all three religions had a holy book

22. Quipus A system of knotted cords of different sizes and colors used by the Incas for keeping records A system of knotted cords of different sizes and colors used by the Incas for keeping records

23. Quran The holy book of Islam The holy book of Islam

24. Ramadan The holy month of Islam which commemorates the appearance of the angel Gabriel to Muhammad; fasting is required during this month The holy month of Islam which commemorates the appearance of the angel Gabriel to Muhammad; fasting is required during this month

25. Scholar-gentry The Chinese class of well educated men from whom many of the bureaucrats were chosen The Chinese class of well educated men from whom many of the bureaucrats were chosen

26. Shinto The traditional Japanese religion based on veneration of ancestors and spirits of nature The traditional Japanese religion based on veneration of ancestors and spirits of nature

27. Shi’ite The branch of Islam that holds that the leader of Islam must be a descendant of Muhammad’s family. The branch of Islam that holds that the leader of Islam must be a descendant of Muhammad’s family.

28. Shogun Japanese military leaders under the bakufu Japanese military leaders under the bakufu

29. Shogunate The rule of the shoguns in Japan The rule of the shoguns in Japan

30. Sufis Muslims who attempt to reach Allah through mysticism Muslims who attempt to reach Allah through mysticism

31. Sultan An Islamic ruler An Islamic ruler

32. Sunni The branch of Islam that believes that the Muslim community should select its leaders; the Sunnis are the largest branch of Islam The branch of Islam that believes that the Muslim community should select its leaders; the Sunnis are the largest branch of Islam

33. Tea Ceremony An ancient Shinto ritual still performed in the traditional Japanese capital of Kyoto An ancient Shinto ritual still performed in the traditional Japanese capital of Kyoto

34. Tribute The payment of a tax in the form of goods and labor by subject peoples The payment of a tax in the form of goods and labor by subject peoples

35. Toltecs Ancient civilization of Mexico. The name in Nahuatl means "master builders." The Toltec formed a warrior aristocracy that gained ascendancy in the Valley of Mexico c. AD 900 after the fall of Teotihuacán. Ancient civilization of Mexico. The name in Nahuatl means "master builders." The Toltec formed a warrior aristocracy that gained ascendancy in the Valley of Mexico c. AD 900 after the fall of Teotihuacán.

36. Umma The community of all Muslims believers The community of all Muslims believers