1. Body organization and Anatomical Terms Hazel Anne L. Tabo, MS Cherry Z. Cuevas, MS

2. Classification Scheme of Human Beings Taxon Designated Group Characteristics KingdomAnimalia Eukaryotic cells w/o cell walls & photosynthetic pigments PhylumChordata Dorsal hollow nerve cord; notochord; pharyngeal pouches SubphylumVertebrata Vertebral column ClassMammalia Mammary g.; hairs OrderPrimates Well-developed brain; prehensile hands FamilyHominidae Large cerebrum; bipedal mov’t GenusHomo Flat face; prominent chin; nose w/ nostrils Species epithet sapiens Largest cerebrum

3. Human Characteristics Large, well-developed brain Large, well-developed brain Bipedal locomotion Bipedal locomotion Opposable thumb Opposable thumb Well-developed vocal structures Well-developed vocal structures Stereoscopic vision – depth perception or 3D image Stereoscopic vision – depth perception or 3D image

4. Body Organization

5. Various systems of the Human Body

7. Midsagittal and Sagittal (lengthwise) Midsagittal and Sagittal (lengthwise) Divides the R & L parts Divides the R & L parts Coronal (frontal planes) Coronal (frontal planes) Divides the ventral (anterior) and dorsal (posterior) parts. Divides the ventral (anterior) and dorsal (posterior) parts. Transverse (horizontal) Transverse (horizontal) Divides the body into superior (upper) & inferior (lower) parts. Divides the body into superior (upper) & inferior (lower) parts.

8. Descriptive Terminology Anatomical position Anatomical position Directional terms Directional terms Clinical procedures Clinical procedures 1. Observation 2. Palpation 3. Percussion 4. Auscultation 5. Reflex-response tests

9. Anatomical position

10. Directional terms

11. Internal / deep Internal / deep Away from the midline of the body Away from the midline of the body External / superficial External / superficial Toward the surface of the body Toward the surface of the body Visceral Visceral Related to the internal organs Related to the internal organs Parietal Parietal Related to the body walls Related to the body walls

12. Anatomical position

13. Movements AbductionAdduction

14. ExtensionFlexion

15. Plantar flexion Dorsiflexion

16. Inversion Eversion

17. PronationSupination

18. Body regions Head Head Neck Neck Thorax (pectoral region) Thorax (pectoral region) Abdomen Abdomen Pelvis (hip region) Pelvis (hip region) Upper extremity Upper extremity Lower extremity Lower extremity

20. Body cavities Cranial cavity Cranial cavity -Oral/buccal cavity -Nasal cavity -Orbits -Middle-ear cavity (auditory ossicles or ear bones ear bones Vertebral cavity Vertebral cavity Thoracic cavity Thoracic cavity-Mediastinum -Pleural cavity -Pericardial cavity Abdominal cavity Abdominal cavity Pelvic cavity Pelvic cavity Perineum (urogenital) Perineum (urogenital)

21. Body membranes 2 basic types: 2 basic types: 1. Mucous – oral, nasal cavities, tubes of resp., repro., urinary & digestive sys. (cavities that enter & exits the body) 2. Serous – thoracic & abdominopelvic cavities, covering of viscera (pleura, pericardium, peritoneum) * Mesenteries are double folds of peritoneum that connect the parietal to visceral peritoneum.

23. Head Region

24. EyeEar

25. NoseBuccal cavity

26. Cervical Region

27. Thoracic region Right Lung: Superior, Middle, Inferior lobe Left Lung: Superior & Inferior lobe

29. Back region

30. Abdominopelvic region

31. Abdominal lines: Abdominal lines: McBurney's incision(blk) McBurney's incision(blk) Linea alba(red) Linea alba(red) Arcuate line(grn) Arcuate line(grn) Linea semilunaris(blu) Linea semilunaris(blu) Inguinal ligament(yel). Inguinal ligament(yel).

32. Inguinal region

33. Upper Limb: Cubital fossa

34. Lower limb: Popliteal fossa & Cruciate ligament

35. Lower limb: Anterior Knee