1. Chapter 18, Section 1 Who brought the first cattle to Texas? (p. 412) – Spanish explorers in the 1500s Why did the cattle industry become profitable after the Civil War? (p. 414) – The expansion of railroads allowed ranchers in Texas to get their cattle to stockyards in the North and East. Cattle sold for $30- 40 a head in places like Chicago and St. Louis, compared to $4 a head locally. Name four important cattle trails. (p. 414-415) 1.Sedalia or Shawnee 2.Chisholm 3.Great Western & Matamoros 4.Goodnight-Loving Name three difficulties faced by cowhands on the cattle drive. (p. 416) 1.Stampedes 2.Rustlers 3.Native American raids and tolls 4.Desert/lack of water What came to Texas that ended the need for long cattle drives? (p. 417) – Railroads Also, supply exceeded demand, so cattle prices dropped. Low prices meant cattle drives were no longer profitable.

3. Chapter 18, Section 2 Henrietta King (p. 420) – She expanded the King Ranch to more than one million acres J.F. Glidden (p. 421) – He was the most successful barbed wire inventor 13. Daniel Webster “80 John” Wallace (p. 423) – He was an African American who was born a slave, became a trail boss, and later owned his own ranch near Colorado City Name four major Texas cattle ranches. (p. 420) 1.King Ranch 2.JA Ranch 3.Shoe Bar Ranch 4.The Matador 5.XIT Name two other livestock industries that merged on the Texas Range. (p. 420-421) 1.Mustangs 2.Sheep Name three reasons why the cattle industry changed in the late 1880s. (p. 422) 1.Overproduction of cattle lowered the price. 2.Quarantine laws kept cattle from entering some states. 3.Barbed wire meant much of the open range was fenced.

4. Chapter 18, Section 3 Why did the westward movement of farmers increase after the Civil War? (p. 424-425) – Abundant, cheap land – Windmills and dry farming techniques allowed farming in new areas – The expansion of railroads Name the most important crop grown in Texas in the late 1800s. (p. 425) – Cotton What are tenant farmers? (p. 426) – Tenant farmers rented small farms from the landowner. In return for the use of the land, they would give a portion of their crops to the landowner. If the landowner provided tools, seeds, and supplies, they got to keep a larger portion of the corps. What are sharecroppers? (p. 426) – Sharecroppers were tenant farmers who did not provide their own tools. They usually got to keep ½ of their crop.

5. Chapter 18, Section 1 Who brought the first cattle to Texas? (p. 412) – Spanish explorers in the 1500s Why did the cattle industry become profitable after the Civil War? (p. 414) – The expansion of railroads allowed ranchers in Texas to get their cattle to stockyards in the North and East. Cattle sold for $30- 40 a head in places like Chicago and St. Louis, compared to $4 a head locally. Name four important cattle trails. (p. 414-415) 1.Sedalia or Shawnee 2.Chisholm 3.Great Western & Matamoros 4.Goodnight-Loving Name three difficulties faced by cowhands on the cattle drive. (p. 416) 1.Stampedes 2.Rustlers 3.Native American raids and tolls 4.Desert/lack of water What came to Texas that ended the need for long cattle drives? (p. 417) – Railroads Also, supply exceeded demand, so cattle prices dropped. Low prices meant cattle drives were no longer profitable.

6. Chapter 18, Section 2 Henrietta King (p. 420) – She expanded the King Ranch to more than one million acres J.F. Glidden (p. 421) – He was the most successful barbed wire inventor 13. Daniel Webster “80 John” Wallace (p. 423) – He was an African American who was born a slave, became a trail boss, and later owned his own ranch near Colorado City Name four major Texas cattle ranches. (p. 420) 1.King Ranch 2.JA Ranch 3.Shoe Bar Ranch 4.The Matador 5.XIT Name two other livestock industries that merged on the Texas Range. (p. 420-421) 1.Mustangs 2.Sheep Name three reasons why the cattle industry changed in the late 1880s. (p. 422) 1.Overproduction of cattle lowered the price. 2.Quarantine laws kept cattle from entering some states. 3.Barbed wire meant much of the open range was fenced.

7. Chapter 18, Section 3 Why did the westward movement of farmers increase after the Civil War? (p. 424-425) – Abundant, cheap land – Windmills and dry farming techniques allowed farming in new areas – The expansion of railroads Name the most important crop grown in Texas in the late 1800s. (p. 425) – Cotton What are tenant farmers? (p. 426) – Tenant farmers rented small farms from the landowner. In return for the use of the land, they would give a portion of their crops to the landowner. If the landowner provided tools, seeds, and supplies, they got to keep a larger portion of the corps. What are sharecroppers? (p. 426) – Sharecroppers were tenant farmers who did not provide their own tools. They usually got to keep ½ of their crop.

8. Chapter 18, Section 1 Who brought the first cattle to Texas? (p. 412) – Spanish explorers in the 1500s Why did the cattle industry become profitable after the Civil War? (p. 414) – The expansion of railroads allowed ranchers in Texas to get their cattle to stockyards in the North and East. Cattle sold for $30- 40 a head in places like Chicago and St. Louis, compared to $4 a head locally. Name four important cattle trails. (p. 414-415) 1.Sedalia or Shawnee 2.Chisholm 3.Great Western & Matamoros 4.Goodnight-Loving Name three difficulties faced by cowhands on the cattle drive. (p. 416) 1.Stampedes 2.Rustlers 3.Native American raids and tolls 4.Desert/lack of water What came to Texas that ended the need for long cattle drives? (p. 417) – Railroads Also, supply exceeded demand, so cattle prices dropped. Low prices meant cattle drives were no longer profitable.

9. Chapter 18, Section 2 Henrietta King (p. 420) – She expanded the King Ranch to more than one million acres J.F. Glidden (p. 421) – He was the most successful barbed wire inventor 13. Daniel Webster “80 John” Wallace (p. 423) – He was an African American who was born a slave, became a trail boss, and later owned his own ranch near Colorado City Name four major Texas cattle ranches. (p. 420) 1.King Ranch 2.JA Ranch 3.Shoe Bar Ranch 4.The Matador 5.XIT Name two other livestock industries that merged on the Texas Range. (p. 420-421) 1.Mustangs 2.Sheep Name three reasons why the cattle industry changed in the late 1880s. (p. 422) 1.Overproduction of cattle lowered the price. 2.Quarantine laws kept cattle from entering some states. 3.Barbed wire meant much of the open range was fenced.

10. Chapter 18, Section 3 Why did the westward movement of farmers increase after the Civil War? (p. 424-425) – Abundant, cheap land – Windmills and dry farming techniques allowed farming in new areas – The expansion of railroads Name the most important crop grown in Texas in the late 1800s. (p. 425) – Cotton What are tenant farmers? (p. 426) – Tenant farmers rented small farms from the landowner. In return for the use of the land, they would give a portion of their crops to the landowner. If the landowner provided tools, seeds, and supplies, they got to keep a larger portion of the corps. What are sharecroppers? (p. 426) – Sharecroppers were tenant farmers who did not provide their own tools. They usually got to keep ½ of their crop.

11. Chapter 18, Section 1 Who brought the first cattle to Texas? (p. 412) – Spanish explorers in the 1500s Why did the cattle industry become profitable after the Civil War? (p. 414) – The expansion of railroads allowed ranchers in Texas to get their cattle to stockyards in the North and East. Cattle sold for $30- 40 a head in places like Chicago and St. Louis, compared to $4 a head locally. Name four important cattle trails. (p. 414-415) 1.Sedalia or Shawnee 2.Chisholm 3.Great Western & Matamoros 4.Goodnight-Loving Name three difficulties faced by cowhands on the cattle drive. (p. 416) 1.Stampedes 2.Rustlers 3.Native American raids and tolls 4.Desert/lack of water What came to Texas that ended the need for long cattle drives? (p. 417) – Railroads Also, supply exceeded demand, so cattle prices dropped. Low prices meant cattle drives were no longer profitable.

12. Chapter 18, Section 2 Henrietta King (p. 420) – She expanded the King Ranch to more than one million acres J.F. Glidden (p. 421) – He was the most successful barbed wire inventor 13. Daniel Webster “80 John” Wallace (p. 423) – He was an African American who was born a slave, became a trail boss, and later owned his own ranch near Colorado City Name four major Texas cattle ranches. (p. 420) 1.King Ranch 2.JA Ranch 3.Shoe Bar Ranch 4.The Matador 5.XIT Name two other livestock industries that merged on the Texas Range. (p. 420-421) 1.Mustangs 2.Sheep Name three reasons why the cattle industry changed in the late 1880s. (p. 422) 1.Overproduction of cattle lowered the price. 2.Quarantine laws kept cattle from entering some states. 3.Barbed wire meant much of the open range was fenced.

13. Chapter 18, Section 3 Why did the westward movement of farmers increase after the Civil War? (p. 424-425) – Abundant, cheap land – Windmills and dry farming techniques allowed farming in new areas – The expansion of railroads Name the most important crop grown in Texas in the late 1800s. (p. 425) – Cotton What are tenant farmers? (p. 426) – Tenant farmers rented small farms from the landowner. In return for the use of the land, they would give a portion of their crops to the landowner. If the landowner provided tools, seeds, and supplies, they got to keep a larger portion of the corps. What are sharecroppers? (p. 426) – Sharecroppers were tenant farmers who did not provide their own tools. They usually got to keep ½ of their crop.

14. Chapter 18, Section 1 Who brought the first cattle to Texas? (p. 412) – Spanish explorers in the 1500s Why did the cattle industry become profitable after the Civil War? (p. 414) – The expansion of railroads allowed ranchers in Texas to get their cattle to stockyards in the North and East. Cattle sold for $30- 40 a head in places like Chicago and St. Louis, compared to $4 a head locally. Name four important cattle trails. (p. 414-415) 1.Sedalia or Shawnee 2.Chisholm 3.Great Western & Matamoros 4.Goodnight-Loving Name three difficulties faced by cowhands on the cattle drive. (p. 416) 1.Stampedes 2.Rustlers 3.Native American raids and tolls 4.Desert/lack of water What came to Texas that ended the need for long cattle drives? (p. 417) – Railroads Also, supply exceeded demand, so cattle prices dropped. Low prices meant cattle drives were no longer profitable.

15. Chapter 18, Section 2 Henrietta King (p. 420) – She expanded the King Ranch to more than one million acres J.F. Glidden (p. 421) – He was the most successful barbed wire inventor 13. Daniel Webster “80 John” Wallace (p. 423) – He was an African American who was born a slave, became a trail boss, and later owned his own ranch near Colorado City Name four major Texas cattle ranches. (p. 420) 1.King Ranch 2.JA Ranch 3.Shoe Bar Ranch 4.The Matador 5.XIT Name two other livestock industries that merged on the Texas Range. (p. 420-421) 1.Mustangs 2.Sheep Name three reasons why the cattle industry changed in the late 1880s. (p. 422) 1.Overproduction of cattle lowered the price. 2.Quarantine laws kept cattle from entering some states. 3.Barbed wire meant much of the open range was fenced.

16. Chapter 18, Section 3 Why did the westward movement of farmers increase after the Civil War? (p. 424-425) – Abundant, cheap land – Windmills and dry farming techniques allowed farming in new areas – The expansion of railroads Name the most important crop grown in Texas in the late 1800s. (p. 425) – Cotton What are tenant farmers? (p. 426) – Tenant farmers rented small farms from the landowner. In return for the use of the land, they would give a portion of their crops to the landowner. If the landowner provided tools, seeds, and supplies, they got to keep a larger portion of the corps. What are sharecroppers? (p. 426) – Sharecroppers were tenant farmers who did not provide their own tools. They usually got to keep ½ of their crop.

17. Chapter 18, Section 1 Who brought the first cattle to Texas? (p. 412) – Spanish explorers in the 1500s Why did the cattle industry become profitable after the Civil War? (p. 414) – The expansion of railroads allowed ranchers in Texas to get their cattle to stockyards in the North and East. Cattle sold for $30- 40 a head in places like Chicago and St. Louis, compared to $4 a head locally. Name four important cattle trails. (p. 414-415) 1.Sedalia or Shawnee 2.Chisholm 3.Great Western & Matamoros 4.Goodnight-Loving Name three difficulties faced by cowhands on the cattle drive. (p. 416) 1.Stampedes 2.Rustlers 3.Native American raids and tolls 4.Desert/lack of water What came to Texas that ended the need for long cattle drives? (p. 417) – Railroads Also, supply exceeded demand, so cattle prices dropped. Low prices meant cattle drives were no longer profitable.

18. Chapter 18, Section 2 Henrietta King (p. 420) – She expanded the King Ranch to more than one million acres J.F. Glidden (p. 421) – He was the most successful barbed wire inventor 13. Daniel Webster “80 John” Wallace (p. 423) – He was an African American who was born a slave, became a trail boss, and later owned his own ranch near Colorado City Name four major Texas cattle ranches. (p. 420) 1.King Ranch 2.JA Ranch 3.Shoe Bar Ranch 4.The Matador 5.XIT Name two other livestock industries that merged on the Texas Range. (p. 420-421) 1.Mustangs 2.Sheep Name three reasons why the cattle industry changed in the late 1880s. (p. 422) 1.Overproduction of cattle lowered the price. 2.Quarantine laws kept cattle from entering some states. 3.Barbed wire meant much of the open range was fenced.

19. Chapter 18, Section 3 Why did the westward movement of farmers increase after the Civil War? (p. 424-425) – Abundant, cheap land – Windmills and dry farming techniques allowed farming in new areas – The expansion of railroads Name the most important crop grown in Texas in the late 1800s. (p. 425) – Cotton What are tenant farmers? (p. 426) – Tenant farmers rented small farms from the landowner. In return for the use of the land, they would give a portion of their crops to the landowner. If the landowner provided tools, seeds, and supplies, they got to keep a larger portion of the corps. What are sharecroppers? (p. 426) – Sharecroppers were tenant farmers who did not provide their own tools. They usually got to keep ½ of their crop.

20. Chapter 18, Section 1 Who brought the first cattle to Texas? (p. 412) – Spanish explorers in the 1500s Why did the cattle industry become profitable after the Civil War? (p. 414) – The expansion of railroads allowed ranchers in Texas to get their cattle to stockyards in the North and East. Cattle sold for $30- 40 a head in places like Chicago and St. Louis, compared to $4 a head locally. Name four important cattle trails. (p. 414-415) 1.Sedalia or Shawnee 2.Chisholm 3.Great Western & Matamoros 4.Goodnight-Loving Name three difficulties faced by cowhands on the cattle drive. (p. 416) 1.Stampedes 2.Rustlers 3.Native American raids and tolls 4.Desert/lack of water What came to Texas that ended the need for long cattle drives? (p. 417) – Railroads Also, supply exceeded demand, so cattle prices dropped. Low prices meant cattle drives were no longer profitable.

21. Chapter 18, Section 2 Henrietta King (p. 420) – She expanded the King Ranch to more than one million acres J.F. Glidden (p. 421) – He was the most successful barbed wire inventor 13. Daniel Webster “80 John” Wallace (p. 423) – He was an African American who was born a slave, became a trail boss, and later owned his own ranch near Colorado City Name four major Texas cattle ranches. (p. 420) 1.King Ranch 2.JA Ranch 3.Shoe Bar Ranch 4.The Matador 5.XIT Name two other livestock industries that merged on the Texas Range. (p. 420-421) 1.Mustangs 2.Sheep Name three reasons why the cattle industry changed in the late 1880s. (p. 422) 1.Overproduction of cattle lowered the price. 2.Quarantine laws kept cattle from entering some states. 3.Barbed wire meant much of the open range was fenced.

22. Chapter 18, Section 3 Why did the westward movement of farmers increase after the Civil War? (p. 424-425) – Abundant, cheap land – Windmills and dry farming techniques allowed farming in new areas – The expansion of railroads Name the most important crop grown in Texas in the late 1800s. (p. 425) – Cotton What are tenant farmers? (p. 426) – Tenant farmers rented small farms from the landowner. In return for the use of the land, they would give a portion of their crops to the landowner. If the landowner provided tools, seeds, and supplies, they got to keep a larger portion of the corps. What are sharecroppers? (p. 426) – Sharecroppers were tenant farmers who did not provide their own tools. They usually got to keep ½ of their crop.

23. Chapter 18, Section 1 Who brought the first cattle to Texas? (p. 412) – Spanish explorers in the 1500s Why did the cattle industry become profitable after the Civil War? (p. 414) – The expansion of railroads allowed ranchers in Texas to get their cattle to stockyards in the North and East. Cattle sold for $30- 40 a head in places like Chicago and St. Louis, compared to $4 a head locally. Name four important cattle trails. (p. 414-415) 1.Sedalia or Shawnee 2.Chisholm 3.Great Western & Matamoros 4.Goodnight-Loving Name three difficulties faced by cowhands on the cattle drive. (p. 416) 1.Stampedes 2.Rustlers 3.Native American raids and tolls 4.Desert/lack of water What came to Texas that ended the need for long cattle drives? (p. 417) – Railroads Also, supply exceeded demand, so cattle prices dropped. Low prices meant cattle drives were no longer profitable.

24. Chapter 18, Section 2 Henrietta King (p. 420) – She expanded the King Ranch to more than one million acres J.F. Glidden (p. 421) – He was the most successful barbed wire inventor 13. Daniel Webster “80 John” Wallace (p. 423) – He was an African American who was born a slave, became a trail boss, and later owned his own ranch near Colorado City Name four major Texas cattle ranches. (p. 420) 1.King Ranch 2.JA Ranch 3.Shoe Bar Ranch 4.The Matador 5.XIT Name two other livestock industries that merged on the Texas Range. (p. 420-421) 1.Mustangs 2.Sheep Name three reasons why the cattle industry changed in the late 1880s. (p. 422) 1.Overproduction of cattle lowered the price. 2.Quarantine laws kept cattle from entering some states. 3.Barbed wire meant much of the open range was fenced.

25. Chapter 18, Section 3 Why did the westward movement of farmers increase after the Civil War? (p. 424-425) – Abundant, cheap land – Windmills and dry farming techniques allowed farming in new areas – The expansion of railroads Name the most important crop grown in Texas in the late 1800s. (p. 425) – Cotton What are tenant farmers? (p. 426) – Tenant farmers rented small farms from the landowner. In return for the use of the land, they would give a portion of their crops to the landowner. If the landowner provided tools, seeds, and supplies, they got to keep a larger portion of the corps. What are sharecroppers? (p. 426) – Sharecroppers were tenant farmers who did not provide their own tools. They usually got to keep ½ of their crop.

26. Chapter 18, Section 1 Who brought the first cattle to Texas? (p. 412) – Spanish explorers in the 1500s Why did the cattle industry become profitable after the Civil War? (p. 414) – The expansion of railroads allowed ranchers in Texas to get their cattle to stockyards in the North and East. Cattle sold for $30- 40 a head in places like Chicago and St. Louis, compared to $4 a head locally. Name four important cattle trails. (p. 414-415) 1.Sedalia or Shawnee 2.Chisholm 3.Great Western & Matamoros 4.Goodnight-Loving Name three difficulties faced by cowhands on the cattle drive. (p. 416) 1.Stampedes 2.Rustlers 3.Native American raids and tolls 4.Desert/lack of water What came to Texas that ended the need for long cattle drives? (p. 417) – Railroads Also, supply exceeded demand, so cattle prices dropped. Low prices meant cattle drives were no longer profitable.

27. Chapter 18, Section 2 Henrietta King (p. 420) – She expanded the King Ranch to more than one million acres J.F. Glidden (p. 421) – He was the most successful barbed wire inventor 13. Daniel Webster “80 John” Wallace (p. 423) – He was an African American who was born a slave, became a trail boss, and later owned his own ranch near Colorado City Name four major Texas cattle ranches. (p. 420) 1.King Ranch 2.JA Ranch 3.Shoe Bar Ranch 4.The Matador 5.XIT Name two other livestock industries that merged on the Texas Range. (p. 420-421) 1.Mustangs 2.Sheep Name three reasons why the cattle industry changed in the late 1880s. (p. 422) 1.Overproduction of cattle lowered the price. 2.Quarantine laws kept cattle from entering some states. 3.Barbed wire meant much of the open range was fenced.

28. Chapter 18, Section 3 Why did the westward movement of farmers increase after the Civil War? (p. 424-425) – Abundant, cheap land – Windmills and dry farming techniques allowed farming in new areas – The expansion of railroads Name the most important crop grown in Texas in the late 1800s. (p. 425) – Cotton What are tenant farmers? (p. 426) – Tenant farmers rented small farms from the landowner. In return for the use of the land, they would give a portion of their crops to the landowner. If the landowner provided tools, seeds, and supplies, they got to keep a larger portion of the corps. What are sharecroppers? (p. 426) – Sharecroppers were tenant farmers who did not provide their own tools. They usually got to keep ½ of their crop.

29. Chapter 18, Section 1 Who brought the first cattle to Texas? (p. 412) – Spanish explorers in the 1500s Why did the cattle industry become profitable after the Civil War? (p. 414) – The expansion of railroads allowed ranchers in Texas to get their cattle to stockyards in the North and East. Cattle sold for $30- 40 a head in places like Chicago and St. Louis, compared to $4 a head locally. Name four important cattle trails. (p. 414-415) 1.Sedalia or Shawnee 2.Chisholm 3.Great Western & Matamoros 4.Goodnight-Loving Name three difficulties faced by cowhands on the cattle drive. (p. 416) 1.Stampedes 2.Rustlers 3.Native American raids and tolls 4.Desert/lack of water What came to Texas that ended the need for long cattle drives? (p. 417) – Railroads Also, supply exceeded demand, so cattle prices dropped. Low prices meant cattle drives were no longer profitable.

30. Chapter 18, Section 2 Henrietta King (p. 420) – She expanded the King Ranch to more than one million acres J.F. Glidden (p. 421) – He was the most successful barbed wire inventor 13. Daniel Webster “80 John” Wallace (p. 423) – He was an African American who was born a slave, became a trail boss, and later owned his own ranch near Colorado City Name four major Texas cattle ranches. (p. 420) 1.King Ranch 2.JA Ranch 3.Shoe Bar Ranch 4.The Matador 5.XIT Name two other livestock industries that merged on the Texas Range. (p. 420-421) 1.Mustangs 2.Sheep Name three reasons why the cattle industry changed in the late 1880s. (p. 422) 1.Overproduction of cattle lowered the price. 2.Quarantine laws kept cattle from entering some states. 3.Barbed wire meant much of the open range was fenced.

31. Chapter 18, Section 3 Why did the westward movement of farmers increase after the Civil War? (p. 424-425) – Abundant, cheap land – Windmills and dry farming techniques allowed farming in new areas – The expansion of railroads Name the most important crop grown in Texas in the late 1800s. (p. 425) – Cotton What are tenant farmers? (p. 426) – Tenant farmers rented small farms from the landowner. In return for the use of the land, they would give a portion of their crops to the landowner. If the landowner provided tools, seeds, and supplies, they got to keep a larger portion of the corps. What are sharecroppers? (p. 426) – Sharecroppers were tenant farmers who did not provide their own tools. They usually got to keep ½ of their crop.

32. Chapter 18, Section 1 Who brought the first cattle to Texas? (p. 412) – Spanish explorers in the 1500s Why did the cattle industry become profitable after the Civil War? (p. 414) – The expansion of railroads allowed ranchers in Texas to get their cattle to stockyards in the North and East. Cattle sold for $30- 40 a head in places like Chicago and St. Louis, compared to $4 a head locally. Name four important cattle trails. (p. 414-415) 1.Sedalia or Shawnee 2.Chisholm 3.Great Western & Matamoros 4.Goodnight-Loving Name three difficulties faced by cowhands on the cattle drive. (p. 416) 1.Stampedes 2.Rustlers 3.Native American raids and tolls 4.Desert/lack of water What came to Texas that ended the need for long cattle drives? (p. 417) – Railroads Also, supply exceeded demand, so cattle prices dropped. Low prices meant cattle drives were no longer profitable.

33. Chapter 18, Section 2 Henrietta King (p. 420) – She expanded the King Ranch to more than one million acres J.F. Glidden (p. 421) – He was the most successful barbed wire inventor 13. Daniel Webster “80 John” Wallace (p. 423) – He was an African American who was born a slave, became a trail boss, and later owned his own ranch near Colorado City Name four major Texas cattle ranches. (p. 420) 1.King Ranch 2.JA Ranch 3.Shoe Bar Ranch 4.The Matador 5.XIT Name two other livestock industries that merged on the Texas Range. (p. 420-421) 1.Mustangs 2.Sheep Name three reasons why the cattle industry changed in the late 1880s. (p. 422) 1.Overproduction of cattle lowered the price. 2.Quarantine laws kept cattle from entering some states. 3.Barbed wire meant much of the open range was fenced.

34. Chapter 18, Section 3 Why did the westward movement of farmers increase after the Civil War? (p. 424-425) – Abundant, cheap land – Windmills and dry farming techniques allowed farming in new areas – The expansion of railroads Name the most important crop grown in Texas in the late 1800s. (p. 425) – Cotton What are tenant farmers? (p. 426) – Tenant farmers rented small farms from the landowner. In return for the use of the land, they would give a portion of their crops to the landowner. If the landowner provided tools, seeds, and supplies, they got to keep a larger portion of the corps. What are sharecroppers? (p. 426) – Sharecroppers were tenant farmers who did not provide their own tools. They usually got to keep ½ of their crop.

35. Chapter 18, Section 1 Who brought the first cattle to Texas? (p. 412) – Spanish explorers in the 1500s Why did the cattle industry become profitable after the Civil War? (p. 414) – The expansion of railroads allowed ranchers in Texas to get their cattle to stockyards in the North and East. Cattle sold for $30- 40 a head in places like Chicago and St. Louis, compared to $4 a head locally. Name four important cattle trails. (p. 414-415) 1.Sedalia or Shawnee 2.Chisholm 3.Great Western & Matamoros 4.Goodnight-Loving Name three difficulties faced by cowhands on the cattle drive. (p. 416) 1.Stampedes 2.Rustlers 3.Native American raids and tolls 4.Desert/lack of water What came to Texas that ended the need for long cattle drives? (p. 417) – Railroads Also, supply exceeded demand, so cattle prices dropped. Low prices meant cattle drives were no longer profitable.

36. Chapter 18, Section 2 Henrietta King (p. 420) – She expanded the King Ranch to more than one million acres J.F. Glidden (p. 421) – He was the most successful barbed wire inventor 13. Daniel Webster “80 John” Wallace (p. 423) – He was an African American who was born a slave, became a trail boss, and later owned his own ranch near Colorado City Name four major Texas cattle ranches. (p. 420) 1.King Ranch 2.JA Ranch 3.Shoe Bar Ranch 4.The Matador 5.XIT Name two other livestock industries that merged on the Texas Range. (p. 420-421) 1.Mustangs 2.Sheep Name three reasons why the cattle industry changed in the late 1880s. (p. 422) 1.Overproduction of cattle lowered the price. 2.Quarantine laws kept cattle from entering some states. 3.Barbed wire meant much of the open range was fenced.

37. Chapter 18, Section 3 Why did the westward movement of farmers increase after the Civil War? (p. 424-425) – Abundant, cheap land – Windmills and dry farming techniques allowed farming in new areas – The expansion of railroads Name the most important crop grown in Texas in the late 1800s. (p. 425) – Cotton What are tenant farmers? (p. 426) – Tenant farmers rented small farms from the landowner. In return for the use of the land, they would give a portion of their crops to the landowner. If the landowner provided tools, seeds, and supplies, they got to keep a larger portion of the corps. What are sharecroppers? (p. 426) – Sharecroppers were tenant farmers who did not provide their own tools. They usually got to keep ½ of their crop.

38. Chapter 18, Section 1 Who brought the first cattle to Texas? (p. 412) – Spanish explorers in the 1500s Why did the cattle industry become profitable after the Civil War? (p. 414) – The expansion of railroads allowed ranchers in Texas to get their cattle to stockyards in the North and East. Cattle sold for $30- 40 a head in places like Chicago and St. Louis, compared to $4 a head locally. Name four important cattle trails. (p. 414-415) 1.Sedalia or Shawnee 2.Chisholm 3.Great Western & Matamoros 4.Goodnight-Loving Name three difficulties faced by cowhands on the cattle drive. (p. 416) 1.Stampedes 2.Rustlers 3.Native American raids and tolls 4.Desert/lack of water What came to Texas that ended the need for long cattle drives? (p. 417) – Railroads Also, supply exceeded demand, so cattle prices dropped. Low prices meant cattle drives were no longer profitable.

39. Chapter 18, Section 2 Henrietta King (p. 420) – She expanded the King Ranch to more than one million acres J.F. Glidden (p. 421) – He was the most successful barbed wire inventor 13. Daniel Webster “80 John” Wallace (p. 423) – He was an African American who was born a slave, became a trail boss, and later owned his own ranch near Colorado City Name four major Texas cattle ranches. (p. 420) 1.King Ranch 2.JA Ranch 3.Shoe Bar Ranch 4.The Matador 5.XIT Name two other livestock industries that merged on the Texas Range. (p. 420-421) 1.Mustangs 2.Sheep Name three reasons why the cattle industry changed in the late 1880s. (p. 422) 1.Overproduction of cattle lowered the price. 2.Quarantine laws kept cattle from entering some states. 3.Barbed wire meant much of the open range was fenced.

40. Chapter 18, Section 3 Why did the westward movement of farmers increase after the Civil War? (p. 424-425) – Abundant, cheap land – Windmills and dry farming techniques allowed farming in new areas – The expansion of railroads Name the most important crop grown in Texas in the late 1800s. (p. 425) – Cotton What are tenant farmers? (p. 426) – Tenant farmers rented small farms from the landowner. In return for the use of the land, they would give a portion of their crops to the landowner. If the landowner provided tools, seeds, and supplies, they got to keep a larger portion of the corps. What are sharecroppers? (p. 426) – Sharecroppers were tenant farmers who did not provide their own tools. They usually got to keep ½ of their crop.

41. Chapter 18, Section 1 Who brought the first cattle to Texas? (p. 412) – Spanish explorers in the 1500s Why did the cattle industry become profitable after the Civil War? (p. 414) – The expansion of railroads allowed ranchers in Texas to get their cattle to stockyards in the North and East. Cattle sold for $30- 40 a head in places like Chicago and St. Louis, compared to $4 a head locally. Name four important cattle trails. (p. 414-415) 1.Sedalia or Shawnee 2.Chisholm 3.Great Western & Matamoros 4.Goodnight-Loving Name three difficulties faced by cowhands on the cattle drive. (p. 416) 1.Stampedes 2.Rustlers 3.Native American raids and tolls 4.Desert/lack of water What came to Texas that ended the need for long cattle drives? (p. 417) – Railroads Also, supply exceeded demand, so cattle prices dropped. Low prices meant cattle drives were no longer profitable.

42. Chapter 18, Section 2 Henrietta King (p. 420) – She expanded the King Ranch to more than one million acres J.F. Glidden (p. 421) – He was the most successful barbed wire inventor 13. Daniel Webster “80 John” Wallace (p. 423) – He was an African American who was born a slave, became a trail boss, and later owned his own ranch near Colorado City Name four major Texas cattle ranches. (p. 420) 1.King Ranch 2.JA Ranch 3.Shoe Bar Ranch 4.The Matador 5.XIT Name two other livestock industries that merged on the Texas Range. (p. 420-421) 1.Mustangs 2.Sheep Name three reasons why the cattle industry changed in the late 1880s. (p. 422) 1.Overproduction of cattle lowered the price. 2.Quarantine laws kept cattle from entering some states. 3.Barbed wire meant much of the open range was fenced.

43. Chapter 18, Section 3 Why did the westward movement of farmers increase after the Civil War? (p. 424-425) – Abundant, cheap land – Windmills and dry farming techniques allowed farming in new areas – The expansion of railroads Name the most important crop grown in Texas in the late 1800s. (p. 425) – Cotton What are tenant farmers? (p. 426) – Tenant farmers rented small farms from the landowner. In return for the use of the land, they would give a portion of their crops to the landowner. If the landowner provided tools, seeds, and supplies, they got to keep a larger portion of the corps. What are sharecroppers? (p. 426) – Sharecroppers were tenant farmers who did not provide their own tools. They usually got to keep ½ of their crop.