1. 18 - 3

2. West Texas Climate Very Dry Little annual rainfall

3. Ranchers used windmills to pump water from underground aquifers to the surface for livestock and household use.

4. Dry Farming

5. Railroads bring new towns Towns grew along the railroad’s route through west central Texas Abilene Sweetwater Big Spring Amarillo

6. Cotton Most valuable cash crop in Texas

7. The typical Texan of the late 1800s was not a rancher. He was a cotton farmer!

8. Proceso Martinez Businessman who brought cotton to the Rio Grande Valley

9. More Texas Crops Wheat Corn Rice Sugarcane Honey

10. Some Farms Unsuccessful Boll weevil Grasshoppers Drought Egypt and India increased their cotton production, lowering the price. (When supply goes up, prices go down)

11. After the Civil War, many plantations were subdivided into small farms. The smaller farms were either sold to new owners or rented to tenant farmers and sharecroppers.

12. Tenant System Replaces Slavery Tenant farmers - rented the land and shared the profit of whatever they grew with the land owner. Sharecroppers - Tenant farmers who did not provide their own seeds and tools (They rented them from the landowner.)

13. Farmers brought more people and towns to Texas. These grew into small communities with schools, churches, roads, and businesses.