1. Honors 4, January 2015

2. Uncle Tom’s Cabin Background: Harriet Beecher Stowe and Slavery As a young wife and mother living in Cincinnati, Harriet Beecher Stowe met former and fugitive enslaved people. Cincinnati, then the western frontier of the United States, was an ethnically and culturally vibrant city. On the Ohio River across from Kentucky, a slave state, the city exposed Stowe to the public face of slavery. Stowe knew about slavery before she moved to Ohio. Her own grandmother kept African American servants who had probably originally been enslaved, and her father had preached in favor of the colonization movement, supporting the creation of Liberia as a settling point for freed people. But in Ohio, Stowe heard first hand stories from former enslaved people; witnessed slavery while visiting Kentucky; and employed fugitives in her home. When Harriet and Calvin learned that their servant was actually a runaway in danger of being returned to slavery, Calvin and Harriet's brother Henry Ward Beecher helped her escape and reach Canada and legal freedom.

3. Background: The Compromise of 1850 and the Fugitive Slave Act On September 18, 1850, the U.S. Congress passed the Compromise of 1850. Although intended to address the concerns of slave holding and free states, and thus preserve the Union, historians disagree whether the Compromise diffused or fortified sectional interests. There is no doubt, however, that it helped galvanize the abolition movement and clarify Stowe's personal stance on slavery. Among the provisions of the Compromise of 1850 were the end of the slave trade, but not slavery, in Washington D.C., and the creation of a new, stricter, Fugitive Slave Law. Helping runaways had been illegal since 1793, but the 1850 law required that everyone, law enforcers and ordinary citizens, help catch fugitives. Those who refused to assist slave-catchers, or aided fugitives, could be fined up to $1,000 and jailed for six months.

4. It also eliminated what little legal protection fugitives once had. Before 1850, some northern states had required slave-catchers to appear before an elected judge and be tried by a jury which would determine the validity of a claim. After the 1850 Fugitive Slave Law, anyone could be taken from the street, accused of being a fugitive from slavery, and taken before a federally appointed commissioner who received $5 for every fugitive released and $10 for every one sent south. Free blacks and anti-slavery groups argued the system bribed commissioners to send kidnapped people into slavery, and obliged citizens to participate in the slavery system.

5. Stowe was furious. She believed the country was requiring her complicity in a system she thought was unjust and immoral. Living in Brunswick, ME while Calvin Stowe taught at Bowdoin College, Stowe disobeyed the law by hiding runaways. When she shared her frustrations and feelings of powerlessness with her family, her sister-in-law Isabella Porter Beecher suggested she do more: "...if I could use a pen as you can, Hatty, I would write something that would make this whole nation feel what an accursed thing slavery is."

6. The publication of Uncle Tom's Cabin The first installment of Uncle Tom's Cabin appeared on June 5, 1851 in the anti- slavery newspaper, The National Era. Stowe enlisted friends and family to send her information and scoured freedom narratives and anti-slavery newspapers for first hand accounts as she composed her story. In 1852 the serial was published as a two volume book. Uncle Tom's Cabin was a best seller in the United States, Britain, Europe and Asia, and was translated into over 60 languages In 2012, Harriet Beecher Stowe Center Executive Director Katherine Kane lent expertise to a NEWS STORY about an archeological site related to former slave Josiah Henson. Harriet Beecher Stowe used Henson's story, along with that of other slaves, to develop the character of Uncle Tom in her famous antislavery novel. NEWS STORY

7. Uncle Tom's Cabin opens on the Shelby plantation in Kentucky as two enslaved people, Tom and 4-year old Harry, are sold to pay Shelby family debts. Developing two plot lines, the story focuses on Tom, a strong, religious man living with his wife and 3 young children, and Eliza, Harry's mother.

8. Uncle Tom The central character, a slave belonging to Shelby. Eliza and George Harris Mrs. Shelby's servant and her husband; they have a young son, Harry. Arthur, Emily, and George Shelby A Kentucky farmer (Tom and Eliza's owner), his wife, and teenaged son. Aunt Chloe Tom's wife; she is the Shelbys' cook. Dan Haley A slave trader. Tom Loker and Marks Slave-catchers. Senator and Mrs. Bird An Ohio couple who help Eliza. Simeon and Rachel Halliday A Quaker couple who help Eliza. Augustine, Marie, and Eva St. Clare A New Orleans man who buys Tom from Haley; his wife; and their daughter.

9. Ophelia St. Clare St. Clare's cousin from Vermont. Adolph, Mammy, Jane, and Rosa Some of St. Clare's slaves. Topsy A little slave girl whom St. Clare buys for his cousin. Simon Legree A plantation owner who buys Tom at auction. Sambo and Quimbo Legree's slave overseers. Cassy Legree's slave mistress and Eliza's mother.

10. Facts full title · Uncle Tom’s Cabin or, Life Among the Lowly author · Harriet Beecher Stowe type of work · Novel genre · Anti-slavery novel, novel of social protest time and place written · 1850–1851; Brunswick, Maine date of first publication · 1851 narrator · The narrator is sometimes omniscient—

11. point of view · The novel is told largely in the third person but often in the second. The narrative enters the minds of many of the characters but sympathizes mostly with the slaves in the book. tone · Stowe’s attitude toward the story seems to be identical with that of the narrator. tense · Past setting (time) · Around the early 1850s setting (place) · The American South (Kentucky and Louisiana). Eliza and George’s escape takes them through Ohio and several Northern Quaker settlements, then into Canada.

12. Infograph Information graphics or infographics are graphic visual representations of information, data or knowledge intended to present information quickly and clearly. [1][2] They can improve cognition by utilizing graphics to enhance the human visual system’s ability to see patterns and trends. [3][4] Similar pursuits are information visualization, data visualization, statistical graphics, information design, or information architecture. [2] Infographics have evolved in recent years to be for mass communication, and thus are designed with fewer assumptions about the readers knowledge base than other types of visualizations. information data knowledge [1][2] [3][4] information visualization data visualization statistical graphics information design information architecture [2]

13. Assignment https://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images;_ylt=AwrTcXgG7olWq9sAXjKJzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBsZ29xY3ZzBHNlYwNzZWFyY2g Ec2xrA2J1dHRvbg-- ;_ylc=X1MDOTYwNjI4NTcEX3IDMgRiY2sDNmNoNnU4NWI0N2x2biUyNmIlM0QzJTI2cyUzRHE1BGZyA21jYWZlZQRncHJpZANhWX BCck01R1IxSzFYcGN0aTY3cENBBG10ZXN0aWQDbnVsbARuX3N1Z2cDMTAEb3JpZ2luA2ltYWdlcy5zZWFyY2gueWFob28uY29tB HBvcwMwBHBxc3RyAwRwcXN0cmwDBHFzdHJsAzIyBHF1ZXJ5A0luZm9ncmFwaGljIGxpdGVyYXR1cmUEdF9zdG1wAzE0NTE4Nz k5ODMEdnRlc3RpZANudWxs?gprid=aYpBrM5GR1K1Xpcti67pCA&pvid=6wMhKjIwNi5mRN5BVkPX9w29NjcuNAAAAAAkPy0r&p=Inf ographic+literature&fr=mcafee&fr2=sb-top-images.search.yahoo.com&ei=UTF-8&n=60&x=wrt You can do an infograph over the following: Uncle Tom’s Cabin Events that occurred during the setting. Harriet Beecher Stowe

14. The Infograph can be digital or on a poster. Have fun and be creative! Due- Monday, January 25th. Counts as a test grade.