1. Chapter 1 Notes

2. Chapter 1 Gender

3. Chapter 1 Gender A grammatical category indicating the sex, or lack of sex, of nouns and pronouns. The three genders are masculine, feminine, and neuter

4. Chapter 1 Gender He is a masculine pronoun; she is a feminine pronoun; it is a neuter pronoun.

5. Chapter 1 Gender Nouns are classified by gender according to the gender of the pronoun that can substitute for them.

6. Chapter 1 Gender Nouns are classified by gender according to the gender of the pronoun that can substitute for them. In English, gender is directly indicated only by pronouns.

7. Chapter 1 Gender In Latin, gender is determined by sex, that is, words naming males are masculine gender, words naming females are feminine gender, and words naming things are of the neuter gender.

8. Chapter 1 Gender However there are many names of things, inanimate objects, abstract qualities, etc. which are not neuter, but masculine or feminine. The gender of a noun must be memorized.

9. Chapter 1 Gender Example: nauta, sailor: masculine puella, girl: feminine oppidum, town: neuter aqua, water: feminine equus, horse: masculine

10. Chapter 1 Number

11. Chapter 1 Number This describes how many of a certain noun we are talking about.

12. Chapter 1 Number This describes how many of a certain noun we are talking about. Singular means one. (A boy, the boy) Plural means more than one. (Many boys, three boys)

13. Chapter 1 Case

14. Chapter 1 Case A Latin noun has six cases. Latin nouns are inflected, that is, they use case endings on the word to show how the noun is used in a sentence.

15. Chapter 1 Case Here are the Cases and their uses:

16. Chapter 1 Case: Nominative Subject of a sentence: Anna is a student. (Anna)

17. Chapter 1 Case: Nominative Subject of a sentence: Anna is a student. (Anna) Predicate Nominative: Anna is a girl. (puella)

18. Chapter 1 Case: Genitive

19. Chapter 1 Case: Genitive Possession: Anna’s cat. Or, I see the cat of Anna. (Annae)

20. Chapter 1 Case: Dative

21. Chapter 1 Case: Dative Indirect Object: I give/show the book to Anna. Or I give Anna the book. (Annae)

22. Chapter 1 Case: Accusative

23. Chapter 1 Case: Accusative Direct Object: I praise Anna. (Annam)

24. Chapter 1 Case: Accusative Direct Object: I praise Anna. (Annam) Motion Toward: I walk toward (to) Anna. (ad Annam)

25. Chapter 1 Case: Ablative

26. Chapter 1 Case: Ablative Motion Away: I walk away from Anna. (ab Anna)

27. Chapter 1 Case: Ablative Motion Away: I walk away from Anna. (ab Anna) Location: The cat is on Anna! (in Anna)

28. Chapter 1 Case: Ablative Motion Away: I walk away from Anna. (ab Anna) Location: The cat is on Anna! (in Anna) With: I am walking with Anna. (cum Anna)

29. Chapter 1 Case: Vocative

30. Chapter 1 Case: Vocative Direct Address: Look, Anna! (Anna)

31. Chapter 1 All nouns are divided up into groups, which are called Declensions

32. Chapter 1 All nouns are divided up into groups, which are called Declensions There are five.

33. Chapter 1 All nouns are divided up into groups, which are called Declensions There are five. Each declension has endings for each case which are added to the stem of a noun.

34. The 1 st Declension of Nouns

35. Nominative ending in singular is –a

36. The 1 st Declension of Nouns Nominative ending in singular is –a Genitive ending in singular is –ae

37. The 1 st Declension of Nouns Nominative ending in singular is –a Genitive ending in singular is –ae Are of the feminine gender unless the word refers to a man

38. The 1 st Declension of Nouns Find the base or stem of the word by dropping a from Nominative or ae from Genitive singular.

39. The 1 st Declension of Nouns Find the base or stem of the word by dropping a from Nominative or ae from Genitive singular. Example: poeta, poetae: poet Stem: poet-

40. The 1 st Declension of Nouns How to decline (add the case endings) to a noun of the 1 st declension:

41. The 1 st Declension of Nouns How to decline (add the case endings) to a noun of the 1 st declension: Find the stem

42. The 1 st Declension of Nouns How to decline (add the case endings) to a noun of the 1 st declension: Find the stem Add the case endings in singular and plural

43. The 1 st Declension of Nouns Nom.aae

44. The 1 st Declension of Nouns Nom.aae Gen.aearum

45. The 1 st Declension of Nouns Nom.aae Gen.aearum Dataeis

46. The 1 st Declension of Nouns Nom.aae Gen.aearum Dataeis Acc.amas

47. The 1 st Declension of Nouns Nom.aae Gen.aearum Dataeis Acc.amas Ab.ais

48. decline poeta

49. Nom.poetapoetae

50. decline poeta Nom.poetapoetae Gen.poetaepoetarum

51. decline poeta Nom.poetapoetae Gen.poetaepoetarum Dat.poetaepoetis

52. decline poeta Nom.poetapoetae Gen.poetaepoetarum Dat.poetaepoetis Acc.poetampoetas

53. decline poeta Nom.poetapoetae Gen.poetaepoetarum Dat.poetaepoetis Acc.poetampoetas Ab.poetapoetis

54. decline poeta Nom.poetapoetae Gen.poetaepoetarum Dat.poetaepoetis Acc.poetampoetas Ab.poetapoetis

55. decline poeta How to Translate the Latin word into English:

56. decline poeta How to Translate the Latin word into English: Nom.poetathe poet

57. decline poeta How to Translate the Latin word into English: Nom.poetathe poet Gen.poetaethe poet’s

58. decline poeta How to Translate the Latin word into English: Nom.poetathe poet Gen.poetaethe poet’s Dat.poetaeto the poet

59. decline poeta How to Translate the Latin word into English: Nom.poetathe poet Gen.poetaethe poet’s Dat.poetaeto the poet Acc.poetamthe poet

60. decline poeta How to Translate the Latin word into English: Nom.poetathe poet (Subject) Gen.poetaethe poet’s Dat.poetaeto the poet Acc.poetamthe poet (D.O.) Ab.poetawith/by the poet