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Chapter 1 Notes
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Chapter 1 Gender
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Chapter 1 Gender A grammatical category indicating the sex, or lack of sex, of nouns and pronouns. The three genders are masculine, feminine, and neuter
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Chapter 1 Gender He is a masculine pronoun; she is a feminine pronoun; it is a neuter pronoun.
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Chapter 1 Gender Nouns are classified by gender according to the gender of the pronoun that can substitute for them.
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Chapter 1 Gender Nouns are classified by gender according to the gender of the pronoun that can substitute for them. In English, gender is directly indicated only by pronouns.
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Chapter 1 Gender In Latin, gender is determined by sex, that is, words naming males are masculine gender, words naming females are feminine gender, and words naming things are of the neuter gender.
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Chapter 1 Gender However there are many names of things, inanimate objects, abstract qualities, etc. which are not neuter, but masculine or feminine. The gender of a noun must be memorized.
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Chapter 1 Gender Example: nauta, sailor: masculine puella, girl: feminine oppidum, town: neuter aqua, water: feminine equus, horse: masculine
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Chapter 1 Number
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Chapter 1 Number This describes how many of a certain noun we are talking about.
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Chapter 1 Number This describes how many of a certain noun we are talking about. Singular means one. (A boy, the boy) Plural means more than one. (Many boys, three boys)
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Chapter 1 Case
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Chapter 1 Case A Latin noun has six cases. Latin nouns are inflected, that is, they use case endings on the word to show how the noun is used in a sentence.
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Chapter 1 Case Here are the Cases and their uses:
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Chapter 1 Case: Nominative Subject of a sentence: Anna is a student. (Anna)
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Chapter 1 Case: Nominative Subject of a sentence: Anna is a student. (Anna) Predicate Nominative: Anna is a girl. (puella)
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Chapter 1 Case: Genitive
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Chapter 1 Case: Genitive Possession: Anna’s cat. Or, I see the cat of Anna. (Annae)
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Chapter 1 Case: Dative
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Chapter 1 Case: Dative Indirect Object: I give/show the book to Anna. Or I give Anna the book. (Annae)
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Chapter 1 Case: Accusative
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Chapter 1 Case: Accusative Direct Object: I praise Anna. (Annam)
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Chapter 1 Case: Accusative Direct Object: I praise Anna. (Annam) Motion Toward: I walk toward (to) Anna. (ad Annam)
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Chapter 1 Case: Ablative
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Chapter 1 Case: Ablative Motion Away: I walk away from Anna. (ab Anna)
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Chapter 1 Case: Ablative Motion Away: I walk away from Anna. (ab Anna) Location: The cat is on Anna! (in Anna)
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Chapter 1 Case: Ablative Motion Away: I walk away from Anna. (ab Anna) Location: The cat is on Anna! (in Anna) With: I am walking with Anna. (cum Anna)
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Chapter 1 Case: Vocative
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Chapter 1 Case: Vocative Direct Address: Look, Anna! (Anna)
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Chapter 1 All nouns are divided up into groups, which are called Declensions
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Chapter 1 All nouns are divided up into groups, which are called Declensions There are five.
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Chapter 1 All nouns are divided up into groups, which are called Declensions There are five. Each declension has endings for each case which are added to the stem of a noun.
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The 1 st Declension of Nouns
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Nominative ending in singular is –a
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The 1 st Declension of Nouns Nominative ending in singular is –a Genitive ending in singular is –ae
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The 1 st Declension of Nouns Nominative ending in singular is –a Genitive ending in singular is –ae Are of the feminine gender unless the word refers to a man
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The 1 st Declension of Nouns Find the base or stem of the word by dropping a from Nominative or ae from Genitive singular.
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The 1 st Declension of Nouns Find the base or stem of the word by dropping a from Nominative or ae from Genitive singular. Example: poeta, poetae: poet Stem: poet-
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The 1 st Declension of Nouns How to decline (add the case endings) to a noun of the 1 st declension:
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The 1 st Declension of Nouns How to decline (add the case endings) to a noun of the 1 st declension: Find the stem
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The 1 st Declension of Nouns How to decline (add the case endings) to a noun of the 1 st declension: Find the stem Add the case endings in singular and plural
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The 1 st Declension of Nouns Nom.aae
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The 1 st Declension of Nouns Nom.aae Gen.aearum
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The 1 st Declension of Nouns Nom.aae Gen.aearum Dataeis
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The 1 st Declension of Nouns Nom.aae Gen.aearum Dataeis Acc.amas
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The 1 st Declension of Nouns Nom.aae Gen.aearum Dataeis Acc.amas Ab.ais
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decline poeta
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Nom.poetapoetae
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decline poeta Nom.poetapoetae Gen.poetaepoetarum
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decline poeta Nom.poetapoetae Gen.poetaepoetarum Dat.poetaepoetis
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decline poeta Nom.poetapoetae Gen.poetaepoetarum Dat.poetaepoetis Acc.poetampoetas
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decline poeta Nom.poetapoetae Gen.poetaepoetarum Dat.poetaepoetis Acc.poetampoetas Ab.poetapoetis
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decline poeta Nom.poetapoetae Gen.poetaepoetarum Dat.poetaepoetis Acc.poetampoetas Ab.poetapoetis
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decline poeta How to Translate the Latin word into English:
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decline poeta How to Translate the Latin word into English: Nom.poetathe poet
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decline poeta How to Translate the Latin word into English: Nom.poetathe poet Gen.poetaethe poet’s
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decline poeta How to Translate the Latin word into English: Nom.poetathe poet Gen.poetaethe poet’s Dat.poetaeto the poet
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decline poeta How to Translate the Latin word into English: Nom.poetathe poet Gen.poetaethe poet’s Dat.poetaeto the poet Acc.poetamthe poet
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decline poeta How to Translate the Latin word into English: Nom.poetathe poet (Subject) Gen.poetaethe poet’s Dat.poetaeto the poet Acc.poetamthe poet (D.O.) Ab.poetawith/by the poet
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