2. 1

3. Viruses  Virus in latin means, “poison”  Definition- Infectious non-living particle that duplicates in the cells of an infected host. 2

4. Why don’t we call viruses living? They: 1. Are not made up of cells 2. Don’t eat 3. Don’t grow 4. Don’t carry out biological functions (ex. - breathing) 5. Cannot live outside of a host. 3

5. 4 A virus is surrounded by a capsid (protein coat) which determines the shape of the virus. The capsid contains nucleic acids (either DNA or RNA). Tail fibers for attachment to host cell.

6. Common Virus Shapes: 5

7. One way a Virus Reproduces 6 Virus injects its DNA Virus DNA commands host cell to make new viral parts New viral parts assembled Cell breaks apart and new viruses are released Virus attaches to host cell.

8. 7 DiseaseTransmissionSymptoms Common Cold Inhalation, direct contact Sinus congestion, muscle aches, cough, fever SmallpoxInhalationBlisters, lesions, fever, blindness, scars; often fatal Influenza (Flu) InhalationHeadache, muscle ache, sore throat, cough, fatigue, fever, chills WartsDirect contactLumps on skin or mucus membranes Tobacco Mosaic Virus Direct contact (of sap)Molting and discoloration of leaves Viral Diseases

9. Treatment  There are not cures for viral diseases  You can not treat a virus with antibiotics However…  Some viruses can be prevented through the use of vaccines. 8

10. Vaccines Vaccines contain weakened or killed strain of the virus weakened or killed strain of the virus 9 How Vaccines Work: 1. Weakened or killed virus enters the body (nasal spray or injection) 2. Your body responds to it by making antibodies. 3. Then, when your body comes in contact with the viruses later you don’t become symptomatic, you are immune.