1. Quick Write What is a revolution? List four historical examples of revolutions.

3. The Age of Enlightenment Enlightenment- 2 Types religious or spiritual enlightenment intellectual enlightenment.

4. The eighteenth century is the Age of Enlightenment. The Enlightenment popularizes the ideas developed during the Age of Reason. The Enlightenment is basically the view or belief that modern science and our understanding of the social world derived from modern science can help us to improve the living conditions on this planet. War, poverty, and injustice are not God-given punishments for our sinfulness but bad management. Oppressive governments can be reformed or overthrown. Social inequality can be alleviated and, maybe, overcome. Disease is not to be accepted stoically but to be fought with new medicines. Poverty can be reduced through the productivity of new inventions and technologies. Ignorance can be overcome through universal public education. Human societies are perfectible if only we have the will and use our scientific knowledge to plan and socially engineer for a better future. There is no limit to what human reason and ingenuity can achieve.

5. Enlightenment Philosophers

6. Thomas Hobbes Without government life would be, “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.” Wrote Leviathan People Naturally Wicked Needed to give up rights to government Gain Protection in Return Idea of Social Contract 1588-1679

7. Baron de Montesquieu Separation of Powers Inspired by English separation of powers Idea to Prevent tyranny Became Checks and Balances in America (1689-1755)

8. Jean Jacques Rousseau “Majority Rule” 1762 Wrote The Social Contract The people have the right to determine how they should be governed. Individual should be subordinate to the community. 1712-1778

9. John Locke Rejected Absolute Monarchy Natural Rights: Life, Liberty, and Property Where have you seen this before? Derive its power from the people it governed 1632-1704

10. Voltaire (1694–1778) promoted freedom of thought Speech religion. Opposed religious persecution

11. Think Pair Share If we had an established religion in the United States, how would that impact our laws? Gay Marriage Abortion Should we have an official religion? Why or why not? Give supporting details Would an official religion make life easier?

12. Interpret these quotes: think pair share The natural liberty of man is to be free from any superior power on earth, and not to be under the will or legislative authority of man, but to have only the law of nature for his rule. Locke, John. The Second Treatise of Civil Government. 1690. The tyranny of a prince in an oligarchy is not so dangerous to the public welfare as the apathy of a citizen in a democracy. Baron de Montesquieu (1689 - 1755)

13. Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities. - Voltaire They that are discontented under monarchy call it tyranny, and they that are displeased with aristocracy call it oligarchy; so also, they which find themselves grieved under a democracy call it anarchy. - Thomas Hobbes.

14. Influenced a number of Documents Declaration of Independence, July 1776 The U.S. Constitution The French Revolution and The Declaration of Rights of Man The Haitian Independence Movement in 1791 Latin American Wars for Independence in Mexico, Bolivia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru during the Early 1800s

15. The Magna Carta King John 1215

16. The Magna Carta was signed in June 1215 between the barons of Medieval England and King John. "Magna Carta" is Latin and means "Great Charter". Limited King’s Power

17. During the period of history known as the Middle Ages, feudalism was the law of the land. It was the basis by which the upper nobility class maintained control over the lower classes. This rigid structure of government consisted of kings, lords, and the peasants. The desire for a change………after Christopher Columbus.

18. Lego’s of America Background Info: England is a “superpower” with the strongest Navy and control of all ocean trade, Mercantilism: A system where the mother country (England) establishes colonies (13 colonies) to use as a trading partner. This way the mother country can increase wealth by having a favorable balance of trade (Exports>Imports) Example: England establishes a colonies in the America so it can have plenty of cotton to make textiles with in its factories. This way it doesn’t have to import the cotton from another country. Saves $$

19. Triangular Trade

20. New England Colonies Who came and why: 1620: Pilgrims come over on the Mayflower to found their new church and practice religion freely 1630: Puritans take over pilgrims. Both groups wanted to escape the Church of England. Puritans are so strict they establish a theocracy in Massachusetts, forcing other colonists to leave also in search of religious freedom and tolerance. Climate/Geography: N.E. is cold and the soil is bad for farming. Small pieces of land given to single families Economy: Indentured servants are brought over to work. Manufacturing and trading centers (wealthy and busy harbors like Boston) Shipbuilding

22. Boston Harbor: then & now

23. Middle Colonies Who came and why: 1650: Catholics settle in Maryland to practice religion freely—they weren’t allowed in MA. 1682: Quakers come to Pennsylvania for religious tolerance. Climate/Geography: Soil good for farming wheat, barley & rye Economy: Cottage industries: weaving, shoemaking furniture “Bread basket colonies”

24. Southern Colonies Who came and why: 1607 Jamestown, Virginia. Founded by British men hoping to gain land and make $$. Southern colonies were founded by men looking to increase their wealth through agriculture  they are called “Proprietors” Climate/Geography: Fertile Soil, great for Cash Crops (cotton & tobacco) Economy: Plantation System (wealthy families who owned huge pieces of land and slaves) Depended on Slaves to work the plantation Produced the crops/raw materials for the Triangular Trade.

25. Jamestown, Virginia

27. New England Colonies: MA, NH, RI, CT Middle Colonies: NY, NJ, PA, MD, DE Southern Colonies: NC, VA, GA, SC Climate/ geography --bad soil -Cold -Lived close together -good soil -fertile soil -Good temps -Long growing season Economy -Shipbuilding -Use indentured servants -Manufacturing -Trade -Cottage industrie s -Bread basket -plantation system Cash crops Slave labor Why colonies started Religious Freedom -religious freedom - farming Came to make $ through agriculture New England Colonies: MA, NH, RI, CT Middle Colonies: NY, NJ, PA, MD, DE Southern Colonies: NC, VA, GA, SC Climate/ geography --bad soil -Cold -Lived close together -good soil -fertile soil -Good temps -Long growing season Economy -Shipbuilding -Use indentured servants -Manufacturing -Trade -Cottage industries -Bread basket -plantation system Cash crops Slave labor Why colonies started Religious Freedom-religious freedom - farming Came to make $ through agriculture

28. Salutary Neglect Neglect Distance leads to self governance Salutary or healthy neglect

29. Activity Complete 13 Colonies Worksheet for a grade.

30. The Magna Carta King John 1215

31. The Magna Carta was signed in June 1215 between the barons of Medieval England and King John. "Magna Carta" is Latin and means "Great Charter". Limited King’s Power

32. During the period of history known as the Middle Ages, feudalism was the law of the land. It was the basis by which the upper nobility class maintained control over the lower classes. This rigid structure of government consisted of kings, lords, and the peasants. Sooo would you all like to live in a society where you have no hope of ever becoming a landowner? Back to the colonies….

33. Salutary Neglect Neglect Distance leads to self governance Salutary or healthy neglect

34. Jamestown, Virginia 1619 House of Burgesses first representative assembly, or legislator. Self Government King James I granted a charter granting the power to set up colonial governments.

35. In 1620 the Pilgrims arrived. Plymouth, Massachusetts 41 men signed Established a tradition of direct democracy Town Meetings: our concept for local government.

36. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 1639 First written Constitution Pilgrims were being persecuted for their religious beliefs. So they moved from Massachusetts to Connecticut Fundamental Orders of Connecticut are arguably the foundations of democracy in America.

37. Maryland Toleration Act 1649 With England in the hands of Puritans and Protestants beginning to outnumber Catholics in Maryland, the colony's legislature passed an Act of Toleration to ensure the religious liberty of Maryland's Catholics.

38. Zenger Case In the early 1730's, the Colony of New York was under the jurisdiction of Governor William Cosby. The New York Weekly Journal, America's first independent political paper, became critical of the Governor after he replaced Lewis Morris, the Chief Justice of New York, for deciding a lawsuit against the Governor.

39. Salutary Neglect Neglect Distance leads to self governance Salutary or healthy neglect

40. This ended after the French and Indian War Taxes French-Indian War (1754-1769) Increase in taxes to pay for war Stamp Act 1765 Taxes on newspapers and legal docs Quartering Act House and supply British Garrison Restricting Civil Rights

41. Theoretical Representation vs. Actual Representation “No taxation without representation!” “GIVE ME LIBERTY OR GIVE ME DEATH!” Separate Identity

42. The Colonists Rebel Civil Disobedience Boston Tea Party First Continental Congress Demand Rights Be Restored Battles between British and Colonists in Mass Lexington and Concord Second Continental Congress Manage the Growing War

43. Declaration of Independence http://www.history.com/ topics/declaration-of- independence http://www.history.com/ topics/declaration-of- independence http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=nrvpZxMfKa U http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=nrvpZxMfKa U

44. Is this actually how the signing of the Declaration of Independence actually happened?

45. Break Up Letter Role: You are a colonist Audience: King George (king of England) Format: Break-up letter Topic: using the causes of the Revolution you just learned about tell King George why your relationship isn’t working out.  Give at least 3 reasons  Explain why those reasons are leading you to make this decision  You may use some slang but keep it school appropriate.  Letter should demonstrate that you understand why the colonist declared independence from Great

46. Join or Die