1. ESPAÑOL I Repaso de Capítulo 7

2. CULTURA-ARGENTINA

3. Cultura- Argentina Capital: Buenos Aires Argentina is located in the Southern Hemisphere which means it’s winter months are during our summer months. This is why skiing is a popular sport during the months of August and July. Population: 37 million + Between 1857 and 1939, 3.5 million people immigrated to Argentina from various parts of Europe such as Germany, Italy, Spain, Great Britain, Austria, Norway, and Switzerland. Currency: Argentinean Peso Government: Republic National Dance: Tango The Tango originated in immigrant neighborhoods during the 18 th century. The “Festival del Tango” in Buenos Aires is dedicated to the music and dance of the Tango.

4. Argentina Buenos Aires The people of Buenos Aires are known as porteños San Carlos de Bariloche Known as the “Switzerland of the Andes” due to it’s mountainous geography. Los Andes Mountain Range that runs North to South in Argentina on the border with Chile. La Pampa Known as “the land of the gauchos (cowboys)” and is the heart of Argentinian Cattle raising Tierra de Fuego The land of the Fire is home to Ushuaia, the southern most city in the world. It receives 20 hours of light each day in December & January. Penguins live in large colonies in this extremely southern part of Argentina.

5. Cultura- Argentina Más Lugares: La Cueva de las Manos- located in Patagonia, it is was made by prehistoric hunters in the region more than 10 million years ago. La Boca- this is a neighborhood located in Buenos Aires that was originally home to Italian immigrants. The neighborhood is known for the colorful houses and tango music that fills the air. La Garganta del Diablo- one of 275 waterfalls on the Border with Brazil and is part of the Iguazú Waterfalls. El Parque Provincial Ischigualasto- this part is known for it’s strange geological formations and has fossils from the Triassic Periods. One of the oldest dinosaurs, the Euraptor Lunesis, was discovered here.

6. Cultura- Argentina Comida: Mate- Each day between 4 and 6 in the afternoon, Argentinians drink a tea called mate. Mate is an herbal tea made from an herb called yerba mate. The tea is served in a metal gourd or cup, also called mate, and is sipped through a straw called a bombilla. Mate is made by placing the herb in the bottom of the cup and then pouring hot water from a kettle called a pava over the herb. La parrillada- This is a typical food in Argentina. It combines various types of meats and are served on large buffets. Las picadas- Las picadas are restaurants that serve large assortments of appetizers and finger foods prepared with cheese, meat, seafood, and nuts. REMEMBER: The food from Argentina is heavily influenced from other cultures (such as Spain and Italy) due to the large amount of immigrants to Argentina from 1857-1939.

7. Cultura- Argentina Celebraciones : La Fiesta de la Semana de la Tradición- is celebrated in San Antonio de Areco (in La Pampa), and is the largest Argentinian festival dedicated the cowboys (gauchos) and their customs. El Festival del Tango- celebrated in Buenos Aires. This festival is dedicated to the music and the dance of the Tango. La arquitectura- The church and convent of San Francisco de Salta has the tallest tower in South America at 53 meters tall. Located in the extreme north of the country, it was designed by Spanish and Italian architects. European Architecture, like that found in the Alps, can be found in several cities in Argentina. San Carlos de Bariloche reflects the German heritage found in the Andes region.

8. GRAMMAR Reflexive Verbs & Reflexive Pronouns The verbs estar, sentirse, and tener Affirmative Commands Negative Commands

9. Reflexive Verbs and Reflexive Pronouns

10. Reflexive Verbs & Reflexive Pronouns Reflexive Verbs are verbs in which the subject does the action of the verb to itself. (The subject and the object are the same). When you conjugate a reflexive verb, a reflexive pronoun must be used to show that the subject acts upon itself. SubjectPronounSubjectPronoun YoMeNosotros(as)Nos TúTeVosotros(as)Os UstedSeUstedesSe ÉlSeEllosSe EllaSe

11. Lavar Lavar- to wash I washLavoWe washLavamos You washLavasYou washLaváis You washUsted LavaYou washUstedes Lavan He washesÉl LavaThey washEllos Lavan She washesElla Lava

12. Lavarse Lavarse- to wash (oneself) I wash (myself)Me Lavo We wash (ourselves) Nos Lavamos You wash (yourself) Te Lavas You wash (yourselves) Os Laváis You wash (youself) Usted Se Lava You wash (yourselves) Ustedes Se Lavan He washes (himself) Él Se Lava They wash (themselves) Ellos Se Lavan She washes (herself) Ella Se Lava

13. Reflexive Verbs & Reflexive Pronouns Reflexive Pronouns are placed Before a conjugated verb Me lavo- I wash (myself) Attached to an infinitive Voy a lavarme- I am going to wash (myself) Acabo de lavarme- I just washed (myself) Attached to an Affirmative Command Lávate- Wash (yourself) Placed before a Negative Command No te lavas- Don’t wash (yourself)

14. Reflexive Verbs & Reflexive Pronouns REMEMBER: After prepositions such as para, antes de, and después de, you DO NOT conjugate the infinitive. If the infinitive is a reflexive verb, however, you must change the reflexive pronoun to match the subject. Tengo que levantarme temprano para entrenarme. I have to get up early in order to workout. Reflexive Verbs can stem-change so always remember the BOOT!

15. Estar, Sentirse, and Tener

16. Estar is used to describe mental or physical states (remember H.E.L.P.C.T.) Estoy enfermo- I am sick. Estar & Sentirse can be used with the adverbs bien (well) / mal (bad) or adjectives to describe mental or physical states. Estoy enfermo- I am sick Me siento enfermo- I feel sick. REMEMBER that Sentirse stem changes e-ie and is a reflexive verb so the pronoun must be included. Tener is used with certain nouns to create Tener Expressions to describe physical and mental states. These nouns can ONLY be used with tener and not estar or sentirse Tener miedo- To be scared Tengo miedo- I am scared.

17. Informal Commands

18. Informal Commands are referring to either tú in the singular form and vosotros in the plural form. Formal Commands are referring to either usted in the singular form and ustedes in the plural form. Affirmative Commands tell someone to do something. Run! Negative Commands tell someone NOT to do something. Don’t Run! Informal Commands

19. Affirmative Informal Commands

20. To form: Put the verb in Present Tense tú form Drop –s. Escuchar Escuchas Escucha.

21. Affirmative Informal Commands To form: Put the verb in Present Tense tú form Drop –s. Attach the pronoun to the command Accent the 2 nd to last syllable of the original command. Vestirse (e;i) Te vistes Te viste Vistete Vístete.

22. Irregular Affirmative Informal Commands English CommandSpanish Command Have.Ten. Come.Ven. Put.Pon. Go.Ve. Be. (Ser)Sé. Be. (Estar)Estés. Do/Make.Haz. Go out/Leave.Sal. Tell/Say.Di. When attaching Direct Object Pronouns or Reflexive Pronouns to irregular commands, you don’t accent the command because they are only one syllable.

23. Affirmative Informal Commands DON’T FORGET: Some verbs have stem-changes in the tú form. You have to follow the steps to make sure that the command is spelled correctly.

24. Informal Negative Commands

25. Negative Informal Commands To form: Put the verb in Present Tense yo form Drop –o Add the opposite ending -as for –er,-ir verbs -es for –ar verbs Don’t forget the NO Since it is a Negative Command Escuchar Escucho Escuch Escuches No escuches

26. Negative Informal Commands To form: Put the verb in Present Tense yo form Drop –o Add the opposite ending -as for –er,-ir verbs -es for –ar verbs Change the me to te because it is an informal command Don’t forget the NO Since it is a Negative Command Vestirse Me visto Me Vist Me vistas Te vistas No te vistas

27. Because your 1 st step in Negative Commands, you need to remember you Irregular 1 st Person Present Verbs! Hacer- Hago Poner- Pongo Salir- Salgo Decir- Digo Traer- Traigo Tener- Tengo Venir- Vengo Ver- Veo Conocer- Conozco Informal Negative Commands

28. Irregular Informal Negative Commands English CommandSpanish Command Don’t Give.No des Don’t Go.No vayas Do Be (Ser).No seas Don’t Be (Estar).No estes Don’t see/watchNo veas Don’t know (saber).No sepas Remember that you do NOT attach Direct Object Pronouns or Reflexive Pronouns to Negative Commands. Instead, they are placed before the command, after the no.

29. VOCABULARIO Vocabulary can be found on your Chapter 7-Part I and II Vocabulary Lists as well as on page 263 in your textbook.