1. Teardrop shaped microcapsules The double layered microcapsules The red arrow pointed to the outer chitosan layer The blue arrow pointed to the inner alginate layer *Scanning electron microscope of LAB microcapsules The whole microcapsules of lactic acid bacteria showing the double layer alginate and chitosan The internal half of capsules showing bacteria entrapped in groups distributed randomly within the alginate matrix The black arrow pointed to lactic acid bacteria within the alginate matrix At high magnification, the chips chitosan layer covered and impeded in the porous alginate layer (blue arrow) Red arrow pointed to alginate layer Blue arrow pointed to the chitosan layer * Physical examination of LAB microcapsules *Lactic acid bacterial viability and release from microcapsules - Lactic acid bacterial viability in capsules Bacterial viability (CFU/gm. capsules) Probiotic bacterial strain 1.03×10 10 Lactobacillus plantarum 1.9×10 10 Lactobacillus acidophilus 5.5×10 9 Laactobacillus bulgaricus - Survival of Micro-capsulate bacteria in the Simulated Human GI Transit *In vivo study: The efficacy of encapsulated probiotic to inhibit H. pylori A B C D E F Histology of pyloric mucosa (H & E, X 40): (A) Pyloric mucosa of normal uninfected rabbit. (B) Pyloric mucosa of infected groups showing Discontinuity of the epithelium (ulcer) superficial erosions, interstitial edema and widening of the bile duct and congested blood capillary; (C) cellular infiltration, Disorganization, reactive Atypia (a precancerous indication) and Congested blood; (D) Widening of the duct, multiple vaculation (vaculated gland), interstitial edema between glands and mononeuclear cell infiltration; (E) increased in cytoplasmic acidophilic. (F) Pyloric mucosa of treated groups showing decreased in the widening of the bile duct and in cellular infiltration and the absence of inflammatory cells. precancerous A B C D Histology of pyloric sub-mucosa (H & E, X 40): (A) Pyloric sub-mucosa of normal uninfected rabbit. (B) Pyloric sub-mucosa of infected rabbit showing; dilated congested blood vesicles with cellular infiltration and edematous aria between muscles (fibrosis) (C) cellular infiltration. (D) Pyloric sub-mucosa of treated rabbit showing Nerve hyperplasia and decreased in dilation of the blood vesicles and disappeared of cellular infiltration. Conclusion and recommendation  The positive microcapsules actions could achieve by receiving the microcapsules dosages for 2 months.  Although this pilot study open new areas of investigation, further studies on larger number of patients are recommended to define its real clinical application. Conclusion and recommendation  The positive microcapsules actions could achieve by receiving the microcapsules dosages for 2 months.  Although this pilot study open new areas of investigation, further studies on larger number of patients are recommended to define its real clinical application. * Survival of Micro-capsulate bacteria in the Simulated HumanGI Transit Feed Stomach Small intestine Colon ascends. Colon transverse. Colon descend. Effluent GIS processing model Initial stage simulated gastric juice ( SGJ) Stage Initial stage: The double layers of the microcapsules were intact. The black arrow pointed to the intact double layer SGJ Stage : The outer chitosan layer was shrunken and decreased in the size The red arrow pointed to the chitosan shrunken layer Initial stage simulated gastric juice ( SGJ) Stage Initial stage: The double layers of the microcapsules were intact. The black arrow pointed to the intact double layer SGJ Stage : The outer chitosan layer was shrunken and decreased in the size The red arrow pointed to the chitosan shrunken layer