2. Slavery begins to unravel The war-not Lincoln-ended slavery. In the beginning… *Emancipation not a goal *African Americans-war for freedom *The change-the South using blacks as laborers in the Confederate Army

3. 1861-1862: Early Changes “Contraband” *Runaways increasing *Property of military *“contraband camps and schools” *Valuable intelligence Attack the cornerstone of the Confederacy!

4. Getting closer to freedom -Lack of military success -Changing public opinion -March 1862-Congress prohibits the return of fugitive slaves -Abolition in DC and territories -Promotion of emigration -Second Confiscation Act -Preliminary Emancipation *5 days after Antietam *Warning *Mixed reaction

5. Emancipation Proclamation Jan. 1, 1863 Did NOT liberate all slaves To slaves: their right to freedom Sounded the eventual death of slavery Turning point in Lincoln’s policies

6. Enlisting Black Troops Navy first: 24,000 Army initially refused Active recruitment after the E.P., need for numbers. 180,000 total (1/3 died) Most emancipated/escaped from the South

7. Treatment of Black Troops Navy: relatively equal Army: not so much… *Segregated units *Abusive WHITE officers *Lower Pay *Fewer supplies *Disproportionally assigned to labor *If captured-sold into slavery or killed

8. Effects after the War Enlistment of African Americans defined the war’s consequences *Earning right to citizenship *”Equal” protection under the law -retro-active equal pay in 1865 -13 th through 15 th Amendments 15 black army men and 8 sailors awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor Respect and notoriety

9. The 54 th Massachusetts Volunteers Black company Commanded by Robert Gould Shaw Fort Wagner, SC (Sept. 1863) Represented in the 1989 film Glory

10. Turning Points to know The outcome uncertain in the 3 rd and 4 th year. 2 major battles in 1863 sealed the war’s fate -Gettysburg (Pennsylvania) *Lee attacked General George G. Meade’s troops *largest battle fought on American soil July1-3, 1863 *Battle of attrition *Lee’s Major Pickett cracked the Unions line but lost 7,000 of 14,000 men Lee retreated *Considered Lee’s greatest blunder - Vicksburg *Union victory in the West *Led by Grant-took the entire Mississippi Valley -Worsened (to the South) by Lee’s continual attempt to attack the North East, the loss of Lieutenant Stonewall Jackson, and the E.P.

11. End of the War-1864 a.War of attrition after Vicksburg: Grant vs. Lee in VA b.Grant gets the nickname “the butcher of men” c.Lincoln’s sweeping victory, 1864