1. CHAPTER NINE Becoming an Effective Reader PowerPoint by Mary Dubbé Thomas Nelson Community College PART ONE Fact and Opinion 9 9 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

2. CHAPTER NINE In this chapter, you will learn to: Define the following terms: fact and opinion. Ask questions to identify facts. Analyze biased words to identify opinions. 1 1 2 2 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.2 Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives 3 3

3. CHAPTER NINE Analyze supposed “facts.” Distinguish between fact and opinion. Evaluate the importance of facts and opinions. 4 4 5 5 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.3 6 6

4. CHAPTER NINE Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.4 FACT: A specific detail that is true based on objective proof. OPINION: An interpretation, value judgment, or belief that cannot be proved or disproved.  The latest studies confirm...  The research demonstrates... Factual LanguageOpinionated Language  The defense claims...  Most experts believe...  In my view...  One could argue that... Define the following terms: fact and opinion. 1 1

5. CHAPTER NINE Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.5 Define the following terms: fact and opinion. 1 1 FactOpinion Can be verified States reality Is objective Is discovered Interprets reality Is subjective Is created vs.

6. CHAPTER NINE Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.6 1.Can the statement be proved or demonstrated to be true? 2.Can the statement be observed? 3. Can the statement be verified by witnesses, manuscripts, or documents? Identify Facts with Questions 2 2 Ask questions to identify facts. Facts are based on objective proof: (a) physical evidence, (b) an eyewitness account, or (c) the result of an accepted scientific method. Facts are based on objective proof: (a) physical evidence, (b) an eyewitness account, or (c) the result of an accepted scientific method.

7. CHAPTER NINE Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc. 7 admirablebest handsome awfulbetter horrible badfantastic smart Analyze biased words to identify opinions. 2 2 Opinions Include Biased Words Biased words are loaded with emotion! That news reporter is clueless and obviously ignorant of the facts! Be a critical reader!

8. CHAPTER NINE Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc. 8 Absolute Opinion Command Doubt all everyonemust may might always neverhas to likely seems Opinions Include Qualifying Words Analyze biased words to identify opinions. 2 2 You should go into engineering. Engineers never have to worry about money. Be a critical reader!

9. CHAPTER NINE Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc. 9 Analyze supposed “facts.Analyze supposed “facts.” 3 3 In truth, it is not in our genetic makeup to be married to one partner all of our lives. In truth, it is not in our genetic makeup to be married to one partner all of our lives.  Information that “sounds” true  Opinions that are worded to “sound” factual Beware of “False” Facts False facts are misleading! Be a critical reader!

10. CHAPTER NINE Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc. 10  Informed opinions are made from gathering and analyzing evidence.  Expert opinions are made by people with training and extensive knowledge in a given field. Donna Skoda, dietitian and chair of the Ohio State University Extension Service, believes that the main reason Americans are gaining weight is that people no longer know what a normal serving size is. ─ Donatell, Access to Health, 8 th ed., p. 264 Opinions May Be Valid Example of a Valid Opinion Distinguish between fact and opinion. 5 5

11. CHAPTER NINE Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.11 Let’s Review! Assess your comprehension of fact and opinion.

12. CHAPTER NINE 1. A specific detail that can be proved as true based on objective evidences is a(n) _______. A. fact B. opinion C. informed opinion D. expert opinion Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

13. CHAPTER NINE 1. A specific detail that can be proved as true based on objective evidences is a(n) _______. A. fact B. opinion C. informed opinion D. expert opinion 1 1 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Define the following terms: fact and opinion.

14. CHAPTER NINE 2. A feeling, judgment, belief, or conclusion that cannot be proved true by objective evidence is a(n) _______. A. fact B. opinion C. informed opinion D. expert opinion Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

15. CHAPTER NINE 2. A feeling, judgment, belief, or conclusion that cannot be proved true by objective evidence is a(n) _______. A. fact B. opinion C. informed opinion D. expert opinion 1 1 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Define the following terms: fact and opinion.

16. CHAPTER NINE 3. Physical proof, an eyewitness account, or the result of an accepted scientific method can be used as _______. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. A. biased interpretation B. biased opinion C. informed opinion D. objective proof

17. CHAPTER NINE 3. Physical proof, an eyewitness account, or the result of an accepted scientific method can be used as _______. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. A. biased interpretation B. biased opinion C. informed opinion D. objective proof Define the following terms: fact and opinion. 1 1

18. CHAPTER NINE 4. A person can develop a(n) _______ about a subject by gathering and analyzing evidence. A. expert opinion B. statement of value C. informed opinion D. biased interpretation Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

19. CHAPTER NINE 4. A person can develop a(n) _______ about a subject by gathering and analyzing evidence. A. expert opinion B. statement of value C. informed opinion D. biased interpretation 5 5 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Distinguish between fact and opinion.

20. CHAPTER NINE 5. A view expressed by someone with training and extensive knowledge in that special field is a(n) _______ A. informed opinion B. expert opinion C. statement of value D. biased opinion Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

21. CHAPTER NINE 5. A view expressed by someone with training and extensive knowledge in that special field is a(n) _______ A. informed opinion B. expert opinion C. statement of value D. biased opinion 5 5 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Distinguish between fact and opinion.

22. CHAPTER NINE 6.All of the following statements about fact and opinion are true EXCEPT: A. An opinion uses unbiased words. B. A fact states reality. C. An opinion interprets reality. D. A fact uses unbiased words. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

23. CHAPTER NINE 6.All of the following statements about fact and opinion are true EXCEPT: A. An opinion uses unbiased words. B. A fact states reality. C. An opinion interprets reality. D. A fact uses unbiased words. 5 5 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Distinguish between fact and opinion.

24. CHAPTER NINE 7. All of the following statements about a fact are true EXCEPT: A. A fact can be proved or demonstrated to be true. B. A fact can be observed in practice or operation. C. A fact can be verified by witnesses, manuscripts, or documents. D. A fact contains qualifying words such as seems, appears, or possibly. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

25. CHAPTER NINE 7. All of the following statements about a fact are true EXCEPT: A. A fact can be proved or demonstrated to be true. B. A fact can be observed in practice or operation. C. A fact can be verified by witnesses, manuscripts, or documents. D. A fact contains qualifying words such as seems, appears, or possibly. 1 1 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Define the following terms: fact and opinion.

26. CHAPTER NINE 8.A false fact is a statement that is _______. A. expressed as an opinion B. loaded with emotion C. presented as a fact but is actually untrue D. often confused with an opinion Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

27. CHAPTER NINE 8.A false fact is a statement that is _______. A. expressed as an opinion B. loaded with emotion C. presented as a fact but is actually untrue D. often confused with an opinion 4 4 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Analyze supposed “facts.”

28. CHAPTER NINE 9. Identify the type of evidence in the box. A local resident’s views on neighborhood gangs A. informed opinion B. expert opinion C. factual source D. opinion Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

29. CHAPTER NINE 9. Identify the type of evidence in the box. A local resident’s views on neighborhood gangs A. informed opinion B. expert opinion C. factual source D. opinion 5 5 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Distinguish between fact and opinion.

30. CHAPTER NINE 10. Analyze the following sentence from Donatelle, Access to Health, 8 th ed., 2004, p. 343. As many as 360,000 of the nation’s 12 million undergraduates will die from alcohol-related causes while in school. A. fact B. opinion C. informed opinion D. false fact Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

31. CHAPTER NINE 10. Analyze the following sentence from Donatelle, Access to Health, 8 th ed., 2004, p. 343. As many as 360,000 of the nation’s 12 million undergraduates will die from alcohol-related causes while in school. A. fact B. opinion C. informed opinion D. false fact 5 5 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Distinguish between fact and opinion.

32. CHAPTER NINE Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.32 For more practice, connect to www.myreadinglab.com.www.myreadinglab.com See page 410 of The Effective Reader, 3 rd edition, for specific activities related to Chapter 9.