2. Unit V – End of the Cold War & Contemporary America Ronald Reagan and the Age of Conservatism 1980’s

3. Liberal v. Conservative Characteristics Conservative Liberal federal government has an obligation to monitor businesses responsibility to fed. Gov’t to take care of citizens‘ needs. Gov’t is actively involved small national government is best responsibility of the state and local gvts to take care of citizens' needs national government primarily concerned with international affairs/ national security. Liberal v. Conservative Views

4. Chapter 56.1: Page 731 What was the Reagan Revolution? What conservative policies do you think Reagan may have promoted during his presidency?

5. Chapter 56.2: The Triumph of the Conservative Coalition What is Reagan referring to in the following quote? "A recession is when your neighbor loses his job. A depression is when you lose yours. And recovery is when Jimmy Carter loses his." 1. How were organizations like the Moral Majority influential in Reagan's election? 2. In what ways did Reagan appeal to the American people?

6. WELCOME TO… Across Fire, the daily political TV show in which political analysts from around the country debate the most pressing topics of our nation. As always, we have four guests, two conservative and two liberal. Guests, please shake hands. Audience, please join us in welcoming our guests. And now, let the debate begin.

7. Now let’s prepare for our own debate! During the popular political-debate TV shows of the 1980s, liberals and conservatives frequently discussed the merits of the Reagan Revolution: a period of political conservatism initiated by the presidency of Ronald Reagan. You will learn about the Reagan administration's policies through… Taking on roles of conservatives and liberals to debate whether the Reagan Revolution was good for America.

8. Across Fire: Let the Debate’s begin!

9.  Debate Format  Each of the mini-debates will last 4-5 minutes (to be timed on the projector)  Debate Procedures:  2 min. – 1 minute opening statement by both teams  1 min. - Directed question from the moderator and a 30 second response for each team  2 min. – Open – and civil - discussion between opposing sides

10.  Debate Topics  Topic 1 Is New Federalism good for America?  Topic 2 Is supply-side economics good for America?  Topic 3 Is deregulation good for America?  Topic 4 Are Reagan’s budget priorities, which have led to high federal budget deficits and a high national debt, good for America?  Topic 5 Are reductions in federal social welfare programs good for America?  Topic 6 Is Reagan’s antidrug approach good for America?  Topic 7 Have the Reagan-era Supreme Court decisions on student privacy been good for America?  Topic 8 Are Reagan’s civil rights policies good for America?

11.   Tuesday’s class will be dedicated to each student and group preparing so that they are able to represent themselves and the views is the best way possible.  History Alive  Topics 1-4  H.A. Section 56.3  Topics 5-8  H.A. Section 56.4  You will be told today which topic you and your partner will get  If you complete the readings, use other reputable resources, personal views, and logical arguments to strengthen your argument. Understanding the Views

12.  Evaluating the Debate  For each of the 8 mini-debates, a winner will be chosen (debate winners announced at the end of the class)  The debates will be assessed using the following categories  Quality of Oral Argument (1-10)  1 – little to no argument  2 – below average argument  3 – fair argument  4 – above average argument  5 – exceptional argument  Speaking Skills (1-10)  1 – needs improvement  2 – proficient  3 – advanced  Etiquette (-) A negative point can be given for rude, disruptive or inappropriate behavior  Mini-debate team scores will be determined by the average of the two members of that team.  For example: In debate # 1, Sally scores an 16/20 and Joe scores a 18/20, the team gets an 17/20  Each student will be earn a grade from 1-20 (summative assessment) for their work during the debate  If a student opts to participate in more than one debate, I will take the higher of the two scores for the grade  Whichever team (conservatives or liberals) wins more mini-debates will be crowned the Champion

13. Is New Federalism good for America? it shrinks the size of the federal government by shifting power to the states. the system of block grants gives states more flexibility, allowing them to allocate resources in ways that suit their individual needs. Conservative: Yes because… block grants provide less funding for social programs than the federal programs they replace. Liberal: No because…

14. Is Supply Side economics good for America? it provides business incentives to increase the supply of goods and services, which in turn sparks economic growth. by lowering taxes, people save more and invest their earnings, which allows companies to produce more and hire more workers. Conservative: Yes because… tax cuts benefit the rich more than the poor. it widens the income gap between rich and poor. Liberal: No because…

15. Is Deregulation good for America? it removes government regulations in order to increase business competition and efficiency and promote free enterprise. it makes businesses more profitable and allows them to pass on savings to consumers. Conservative: Yes because… it jeopardizes the environment by lowering federal standards on air and water quality. it leads to a weakening of worker safety laws, which endangers workers and the general public. Liberal: No because…

16. Are Reagan’s budget priorities, which have led to high federal budget deficits and a high national debt, good for America? they reflect a commitment to a strong defense program, which is necessary to protect the nation. they call for lower taxes, which benefits all Americans. Conservative: Yes because… they focus on defense spending and tax cuts, neither of which justifies high federal budget deficits and an increasing national debt. they do not provide for investment in transportation, education, health care, or other social and economic improvements. Liberal: No because…

17. Debrief What were the strongest arguments that conservatives made? What were the strongest arguments that liberals made? In your opinion, was the Reagan Revolution good for the nation? Why or why not?

18. Was the Reagan Revolution good for America? Using the provided organizer, only complete section 4.

19. Are reductions in federal social welfare programs good for America? such programs stifle personal initiative and produce a dependence on government aid. such programs trap people in a cycle of poverty. Conservative: Yes because… they hurt the poor and force cities to reduce services to those in need. they often severely affect single women with young children and young adults with few job skills and little education. Below are possible responses to the questions in each section. Liberal: No because…

20. it teaches students the dangers of illegal drugs through programs like DARE and “Just Say No.” it has led to a decrease in drug use among high school seniors. Conservative: Yes because… it has failed to decrease drug use among the urban poor and minority youths. it does not support drug treatment for addicts. Liberal: No because… Is Reagan’s antidrug approach good for America?

21. schools have an obligation to maintain discipline. schools have an obligation to ensure students’ safety. Conservative: Yes because… they deny students equal protection under the law. Liberal: No because… Have the Reagan-era Supreme Court decisions on student privacy been good for America?

22. federal efforts to enforce civil rights arouse resentment and infringe on the rights of state and local governments. they call for an end to affirmative action, which is a form of reverse discrimination. Conservative: Yes because… they turn the clock back on civil rights. they lead to worsening conditions in inner cities. Liberal: No because… Are Reagan’s civil right’s policies good for America?

23. Debrief What were the strongest arguments that conservatives made? What were the strongest arguments that liberals made? In your opinion, was the Reagan Revolution good for the nation? Why or why not?

24. Immigration Reform: An Ongoing Debate 1. What is happening in the cartoon? Who are the people coming ashore? 2. In what ways are these people “undocumented”? 3. What point is the cartoonist trying to make about undocumented immigrants and U.S. history? 4. Describe one of the solutions to undocumented immigration discussed in Section 5. Explain whether you believe it will work to curtail this immigration. “Well, they look pretty undocumented to me.”

25. Processing You are a guest on tonight’s political debate show Across Fire. The debate question for tonight is, Was the Reagan Revolution good for the nation? Write a two-paragraph response to the question from the perspective of a liberal or a conservative. Each paragraph should include: a clear topic sentence that communicates the main idea of your paragraph. one or two pieces of evidence (facts, data, quotations, examples) from the reading to support your topic sentence. one or two sentences that explain how your evidence supports your topic sentence.

26. Were the effects of Reagan’s foreign policy actions mostly positive or negative? Reagan’s Foreign Policy

27. Country X Read the description of Country X. Let’s discuss… What aspects of life in this country seem positive to you? Negative? If the leaders of this country let it be known that they wanted to spread the countries political and economic systems to all other nations, what concerns would you have? Would it be appropriate for citizens of your country to take actions to prevent this from happening? Get into groups of 2-3 and decide upon the best course of action to take given the choices available.

28. Debrief Country X What obligation does the United States have to uphold American ideals in this situation? Do the ends justify the means? In other words, if the United States is able to prevent Country X from spreading its beliefs and practices, are the actions taken to do so justified? Why or why not?

29. 57.1 What was the purpose of the Berlin Wall? What was the significance of it’s opening?

30. Political Cartoon Activity Section 2: Cartoon C Summary of the event represented: This cartoon refers to Reagan’s Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) proposal, or Star Wars. In 1983, he announced plans to build a missile shield designed to protect the U.S. from nuclear attack. Critics worried that his plan would not only fail but also would cost too much and possibly provoke a new arms race and undermine arms control agreements. Cartoonist’s view: This cartoonist believes that Reagan’s enthusiasm for a plan that seems likely to fail is mostly negative. By using a “white elephant” as a symbol for Star Wars, the cartoonist is implying that Star Wars is useless but too expensive to simply discard, while at the same time asserting that the taxpayer will bear the brunt of the expense.

31. Section 2: Cartoon D Summary of the event represented: This cartoon refers to Reagan’s efforts to undermine communism by authorizing huge increases in defense spending, resulting in the largest peacetime military buildup in U.S. history. This arms buildup included both conventional and nuclear weapons. Cartoonist’s view: The cartoonist believes that the effects of Reagan’s foreign policy decision to increase military spending at the expense of other domestic programs are mostly negative. The cartoon shows “domestic spending” lambs being “sacrificed” in the “military spending fire.” The lambs are also sacrificed for “tax cuts plans.” The overall message is that certain domestic programs will be hurt by increases in military spending.

32. Section 2: Cartoon G Summary of the event represented: The Reagan Doctrine called for the U.S. to openly support anticommunist insurgents around the world. This doctrine was applied in Nicaragua when the U.S. provided military and economic aid to the Contras in their fight against the Soviet-backed Sandinistas. Cartoonist’s view: The cartoonist believes that the effects of Reagan’s plan to send troops and weapons to the Contras to “topple” the Sandinista government and place the Contras in power are mostly negative. The text in the final box expresses the irony of a democratic nation such as the U.S. manipulating the Nicaraguan government in order to “acquaint” the Nicaraguan people with democracy.

33. Human Balance Scale Were the effects of President Reagan's foreign policy actions mostly positive or mostly negative? Were any of America's founding ideals advanced by Reagan's foreign policy actions? Were any of America's founding ideals hindered by them? Did the ends justify the means? In other words, the United States was ultimately able to contain the spread of communism. Were the actions taken to do that justified? Why or why not? You must now decide whether Reagan's foreign policy actions, as a whole, were mostly positive or mostly negative. Quickly review your Reading Notes and then stand in front of either the “mostly positive” or “mostly negative” side of the scale. Processing Questions

34. Political Cartoon Activity Section 3: Cartoon H Summary of the event represented: This cartoon refers to the U.S. Marines sent to Lebanon in 1983 to act as peacekeepers between Israeli forces and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). Many radical Muslim groups were angered by the U.S. presence. After a terrorist killed 241 Marines in a suicide bombing in October, the troops were pulled out of Lebanon without a peaceful resolution to the conflict. Cartoonist’s view: The cartoonist believes that the effects of Reagan’s policy of sending the Marines in to keep peace are mostly negative. This cartoonist uses captions to point out that by trying to lessen the violence in the Middle East, U.S. forces were now at risk and themselves embroiled in a war. The lives of many U.S. Marines were in danger.

35. Section 3: Cartoon A Summary of the event represented: This cartoon references the Iran- Contra Affair, the most serious crisis of Reagan’s presidency. In 1986, it became known that the U.S. had negotiated with and sold arms to terrorists in Iran in order to secure the release of U.S. hostages and then secretly sent the money to the Contras. Top officials backed the operation and lied to Congress. Cartoonist’s view: The cartoonist believes that the effects of Reagan’s deceitful maneuvers in U.S.-Iran foreign policy are mostly negative. He depicts Reagan as a befuddled, guilty-looking character. The U.S.- Iran Policy “machine” is complicated and contains nonsense items such as a cake and toys. In addition, in Reagan’s speech bubble, the cartoonist implies that Reagan’s secrecy was wrong.

36. Human Balance Scale Were the effects of President Reagan's foreign policy actions mostly positive or mostly negative? Were any of America's founding ideals advanced by Reagan's foreign policy actions? Were any of America's founding ideals hindered by them? Did the ends justify the means? In other words, the United States was ultimately able to contain the spread of communism. Were the actions taken to do that justified? Why or why not? You must now decide whether Reagan's foreign policy actions, as a whole, were mostly positive or mostly negative. Quickly review your Reading Notes and then stand in front of either the “mostly positive” or “mostly negative” side of the scale. Processing Questions

37. Political Cartoon Activity Section 4: Cartoon F Summary of the event represented: This cartoon references the summit meetings between Reagan and Gorbachev from 1985 to 1988. The largely unsuccessful meetings were aimed at arms control and the reduction of nuclear weapons, a goal the nuclear freeze movement had been voicing since Reagan’s first term. In 1987, the INF Treaty was signed, calling for the destruction of all missiles with a range of 300 to 3,400 miles. Cartoonist’s view: The cartoonist believes that the effects of the INF Treaty are mostly positive. By showing the two leaders tentatively backing down the very large missile steps underneath the words “One Giant Step Backward for Mankind, Thank Goodness!” the cartoonist is expressing relief that the two leaders came to this agreement.

38. Human Balance Scale Were the effects of President Reagan's foreign policy actions mostly positive or mostly negative? Were any of America's founding ideals advanced by Reagan's foreign policy actions? Were any of America's founding ideals hindered by them? Did the ends justify the means? In other words, the United States was ultimately able to contain the spread of communism. Were the actions taken to do that justified? Why or why not? You must now decide whether Reagan's foreign policy actions, as a whole, were mostly positive or mostly negative. Quickly review your Reading Notes and then stand in front of either the “mostly positive” or “mostly negative” side of the scale. Processing Questions

39. Section 5: Cartoon B Summary of the event represented: This cartoon refers to the collapse of communism across Eastern Europe after Gorbachev announced that the Soviet Union would no longer interfere in the affairs of other communist countries. Most governments fell peacefully, though in Romania an angry mob murdered their dictator. In East Germany, the Berlin Wall opened and West Germany was reunited with East Germany. Cartoonist’s view: This cartoonist believes that the effects of Reagan’s foreign policy actions to end communism are mostly positive. By giving him a halo and having St. Peter announce that he is “predeceased by communism,” the cartoonist seems to be praising Reagan’s efforts to end the Cold War and to rid the world of communism.

40. Section 5: Cartoon E Summary of the event represented: This cartoon is referring to the fall of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War. When the Soviet Union was officially dissolved, 15 Soviet republics became separate nation states and the Warsaw Pact was disbanded. Cartoonist’s view: The cartoonist believes that the effects of Reagan’s foreign policy actions to end the Cold War are mostly positive. By placing Reagan’s tombstone at the head of those for the Cold War, the Berlin Wall, and the Soviet Union, the cartoonist is pointing out that Reagan was at least partly responsible for the deaths of these three entities.

41. Human Balance Scale Were the effects of President Reagan's foreign policy actions mostly positive or mostly negative? Were any of America's founding ideals advanced by Reagan's foreign policy actions? Were any of America's founding ideals hindered by them? Did the ends justify the means? In other words, the United States was ultimately able to contain the spread of communism. Were the actions taken to do that justified? Why or why not? You must now decide whether Reagan's foreign policy actions, as a whole, were mostly positive or mostly negative. Quickly review your Reading Notes and then stand in front of either the “mostly positive” or “mostly negative” side of the scale. Processing Questions

42. Political Cartoon Assignment Create a political cartoon commenting whether YOU believe the effects of Reagan’s foreign policies were mostly positive or mostly negative. Your cartoon must use at least three of these artistic devices: notable people of this era symbols exaggerated details labels that identify parts of the cartoon speech and thought bubbles a caption

43. Gallery Walk 1. Hang your political cartoons around the room. 2. Walk around the room and pick 3 that you would like to try and interpret and analyze. 3. Write a BRIEF summary of ONE of the cartoons.