1. The camel today. Stakes and potentials Dr Bernard Faye CIRAD-ES, Montpellier ICAZ, 23-27 août 2010, Paris

2. A great family Bactrian camel Alpaga Hybrid Bactrian x dromedary Dromedary Hybrid lama x dromedary Vigugna Lama Guanaco Pacovigugna

3. World distribution 60% of the world camel stock in the Horn of Africa – rapid growth Bactrian camel: regression in China slow growth elsewhere Decreasing population in India, growth elsewhere AFRICA: 16 to 20 millions heads ASIA: 12 to 15 millions heads Under-estimated population (FAO data) Central Asia: 1 million heads including 95% Bactrians

4. Dromedary population In 1895 : 6 000 heads In 1920 : 12 000 heads Mecanisation : population In 1960 : 2 000 heads but 90 000 animals became wild The wild dromedary in Australia From Canary Islands 6 animals in 1849 Pakistan 121 animals in 1866 In 2009: 1,1 million wild

5. A marginal population …. 1,4% of the Domestic Herbivirous Biomass, 0,2% of the produced milk, 0,4% of the produced red meat in the world … but occupying a wide area: 26 millions km² (18% of lands)

6. A biodiversity still widely underknown Rguebi (Mauritania)Aftout (Morocco/Mauritania) Targui (Algeria)Chaâmbi (Tunisia) Azarghaf (Niger) Azawak (Niger) Abzin (Niger) Anafi (Sudan) Kabashi (Sudan)Dankali (Ethiopia) Somali (Ethiopia/Somalia) Gabra (Ethiopia) Al-Majaheem (Saudi Arabia) Al-Chaelae (UAE) Al-Khawar (UAE) White balouchistani (Pakistan) Bikaneri (India)Jaisalmeri (India) Arvana (Turkmenistan)Mandchou (China) Uralobukeevskii (Kazakhstan) Kzylordinskii (Kazakhstan) Yuzhnokazakhstanskii (Kazakhstan) Mongol (Mongolia)

7. The camelids, multipurpose animals les journées des goûts et saveurs MILK RACELEASURE WOOL MEAT AGRICULTURE TRANSPORT

8. The camel and the traditional images

9. The camel into the modernity A camel for the third millenium : fact or fancy? From ship desert to productive animal Camel feed-lot Intensive dairy production

10. Compared productivity (Schwartz & Dioli, 1992) DAIRY POTENTIAL

11. Dairy intensification Market integration Cheese making Milking machine (Émirats, Arabie Saoudite) Dairy plants Biotechnology of the reproduction (artificial insemination, embryo transfert) (Emirats) Artificial milking (Tunisia) Genetic selection (Central Asia, Saudi Arabia)

12. Camel feed lot Camel butchery (Tunisia) Carcass classification New camel meat products (camelburger, sausage etc…)

13. Regional market of live animals Informal but lucrative market….

14. Dromedary camel and climatic changes 3500 BP 3000 BP 2500 BP 2000 BP 150 BP 800 BP 30 BP The dromedary has always followed the desertification of Sahara Impact : on the use (integration crop-livestock) on the emerging diseases

15. The camelids as biological model (adaptation o extremes conditions, bio-actives molecules as Lf, IgG, medicinal properties of camel milk,….) The camelids as productive animals in arid conditions (milk, meat, wool, energy,…) The camelids as element of the arid ecosystems (change in farming systems, emerging diseases, adaptation face to climatic changes,…) The trends in camel sciences (camelology)

16. The camel is able to produce milk, meat, wool in very harsh conditions The camel is no more the only ship of desert The camel farming is expanding The camel has its place for the future Organization of the camel scientists community through ISOCARD (www.isocard.org) Conclusion

17. Thanks for attention Website: http://camelides.cirad.fr