1. © 2010 Alistair Cockburn Designing in Teams Dr. Alistair Cockburn http://Alistair.Cockburn.us

2. 2 © 2010 Alistair Cockburn People... Solving a problem Creating a solution To an interpreter unforgiving of error Making decisions every decision has economic consequences and resources are limited. … they don’t understand which keeps changing Inventing Communicating Deciding Expressing ideas in languages … they don’t understand which keeps changing … they don’t understand which keep changing

3. 3 © 2010 Alistair Cockburn Craft Cooperative Games Personalities (Self-Awareness) Knowledge acquisition Lean Processes Design in Teams

4. 4 © 2010 Alistair Cockburn Craft: lifelong deepening of skills in a medium. 1: ( Shu ) Learn a technique 2: ( Ha ) Collect techniques 3: ( Ri ) Invent / Blend techniques Skill grows in stages Craft

5. 5 © 2010 Alistair Cockburn Cooperative Games Infinite Competitive Cooperative Open-ended Endpoint-directed King-of-the-hill wrestling Poker Tennis Chess Organization Survival Career Management Product Lines Jazz music Rock-Climbing Theater Engineering Journalism Business initiatives Software Development Craft Cooperative Games

6. 6 © 2010 Alistair Cockburn Games have positions, moves, strategies Invent Communicate Decide Craft Cooperative Games There are only three types of moves...

7. 7 © 2010 Alistair Cockburn C6C20C40C100 D6D20D40D100 E6E20E40E100 L6L20L40L100 Number of people coordinated 1 - 6- 20- 40- 100 Comfort Essential moneys Life Discretionary moneys Criticality X X X X X Strategies: Adapt to situations. Craft Cooperative Games

8. 8 © 2010 Alistair Cockburn Communication: Face-to-face is still best. Communication channels in play Communication Effectiveness Videotape Paper 2 people at whiteboard 2 people on phone 2 people on chat (Question-&-Answer) (Courtesy of Thoughtworks, inc.) (No Question-&-Answer) Craft Cooperative Games

9. 9 © 2010 Alistair Cockburn Design is like manufacturing, but decisions are the internal inventory. Craft Cooperative Games Lean Processes Design has loops backward in flow! Users & Sponsors UI Designers Programmers Testers Business Analysts A decision Every line of code is a decision I wish they’d decide what style they want! I wish they’d decide what functions they want! I wish they’d think a bit more carefully before coding! I wish they’d decide on the UI design already!

10. 10 © 2010 Alistair Cockburn Users & Sponsors UI Designers Programmers Testers Business Analysts Convert jams Users & Sponsors UI Designers Programmers Testers Business Analysts Convert jams to continuous flow. Learn from lean manufacturing: Craft Cooperative Games Lean Processes Reduce decisions in motion & balance the flow.

11. 11 © 2010 Alistair Cockburn Solidify business value Grow knowledge (shrink risk) Design as knowledge acquisition: "Solving a problem they don't yet understand … " cost Typical learning path Business Risk (are we building the right thing?) Social Risk (can these people build this thing?) Technical Risk (will our equipment work?) We can pay to learn early! Knowledge time Craft Cooperative Games Knowledge acquisition Lean Processes Surprise! knowledge

12. 12 © 2010 Alistair Cockburn Grow knowledge (shrink risk) Solidify business value time cost knowledge Craft Cooperative Games Knowledge acquisition Lean Processes time Design as knowledge acquisition: Grow business value

13. 13 © 2010 Alistair Cockburn Trim the tail to deliver by date or value. time “Trim the tail” Delay & improve Trim & deliver sooner Craft Cooperative Games Knowledge acquisition Lean Processes

14. 14 © 2010 Alistair Cockburn Techniques & Strategies Shu-Ha-Ri What you use depends on you yourself(selves). Self-Awareness Values Priorities Personalities Reflection Theory Cooperative Game Lean Processes Knowledge acquisition Craft Cooperative Games Personalities Knowledge acquisition Lean Processes

15. 15 © 2010 Alistair Cockburn http://Alistair.Cockburn.us Craft Professions skills in a medium Cooperative Game communication, teamwork, strategies Knowledge Acquisition pay-to-learn, trim-the-tail Lean Processes Unvalidated decisions as inventory Personalities (Self-Awareness) the strategies and techniques actually used Designing in Teams