1. CHINESE CIVIL WAR: 1944-1947 Prior to WWII, Nationalists and Communists in China had been fighting for 20 years. WWII: much of eastern and southern China taken over by Japan The U.S. supported the Nationalist Party, giving $3 billion in aid during WWII so China could fight Japan During WWII, Communists and Nationalists in China worked together in order to fight Japan After VJ Day – September 2, 1945 -Japan withdrew from China and the Nationalists and Communists begin a bloody civil war in China

3. Chinese Civil War Nationalists Chiang Kai-shek Support in south / east China Receive aid $ from the U.S. because they opposed Communism Weak leadership & failing economy Corruption / bad policies made them unpopular

4. Chinese Civil War Communists Mao Zedong Support in Northern China Received aid $ from the Soviet Union Attracted lower class / peasants by promising reforms

5. CHINESE CIVIL WAR: 1944-1947 U.S. tries to negotiate the Chinese Civil War; sends 2 billion to Nationalists, but fails to provide troops U.S. position is that it is an internal struggle and sending troops would start a larger war in Asia Communists win in May 1949 Chiang and Nationalists fled to Taiwan Mao established the People’s Republic of China American public shocked that China had fallen to the Communists Many believed containment had failed and communism was expanding = fear

6. The First Five-Year Plan: 1953-57 program of industrial growth based on Soviet model = government ownership of factories & collectives farms (no independent farmers) Soviet engineers and scientists assisted in developing and installing new heavy industrial facilities By 1956 67.5% of industrial factories were state owned 32.5% under joint public-private ownership. No privately owned firms remained.

7. Great Leap Forward In 1958, after China’s first Five-Year Plan, Mao Zedong called for an increase in the speed of the growth However, steel was low quality and useless and meanwhile, essential farm tools were being melted down for steel, thus cutting harvest sizes. chaos in the farm collectives, bad weather, and exports of food resulted in famine resulting in deaths as high as 30 million.

8. Cultural Revolution launched by Mao Zedong, May 1966 - 1976 killed up to 500,000 Started as a purge of Communist leaders because Mao alleged that educated people were plotting to bring back capitalism. education system brought to a virtual halt when many professors, writers, teachers and scientists were sent to rural labor camps.

9. Cultural Revolution People were encouraged to criticize traditional culture and to question parents and teachers. Slogan: "Parents may love me, but not as much as Chairman Mao" Historical artifacts like books & statues destroyed because they were the root of "old ways of thinking" particularly devastating for minorities: in Tibet, over 6,000 monasteries were destroyed, copies of the Quran and other books of the Uyghur (weegar) people were burned. Those identified as “enemies or spies” were subjected to violent attack, imprisonment, rape, torture, abuse, seizure of property, execution, work camps

10. 1967: Chinese poster says: "Smash the old world / Establish a new world." A worker crushes the crucifix, Buddha, and classical Chinese texts with his hammer

11. Korean War June 25, 1950 to July 27, 1953

14. Post WW2 1910: Japan annexed and occupied Korea 1945: at the end of WW2 The Japanese in Korea surrender North of 38th parallel to Soviets South of 38 th parallel to Americans

15. 1945: As in Germany, two nations develop: Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea) Communist led by Kim Il Sung capital Pyongyang

16. Republic of Korea (South Korea) Democratic-ish led by Syngman Rhee capital Seoul recognized by U.S. as true government

17. Invasion Post WW2: U.S. reduces the number of troops in the South to 500 June 25, 1950: North Korea invades South Korea in a surprise attack Soviets were convinced U.S. wouldn’t defend South Korea Soviets give North Korea tanks, airplanes, and money South Korea calls on UN to stop invasion; UN security council votes to intervene and send troops – Russia wasn’t there to veto decision

18. June 27, 1950: President Truman orders troops to move from Japan to S. Korea By September, 1950: 16 nations sent 520,000 troops to aid South Korea (90% US troops) South Korea had 590,000 troops American General Douglas MacArthur was put in command of UN forces U.N. Response

19. June, 1950: North Korea captures capital of South Korea (Seoul) September 1950: South Koreans and some U.N. troops pushed to Pusan on the southern coast September 1950: U.N. troops, led by MacArthur launch a surprise attack behind enemy lines at Inchon while other troops push North from Pusan; drive the North Koreans back across 38 th parallel.

20. October 1950: UN troops capture capital of North Korea and were approaching Yalu River (border with China) China warned MacArthur that they would not stand idly by and “let the Americans come to the border” November 1950: 300,000 Chinese troops crossed the border to aid North Korea and force U.N. troops to retreat across 38 th parallel Communist forces outnumber them 10 to 1

21. By early January 1951: all UN and South Korean troops had been pushed out of North Korea. January 1951: The Chinese advanced to the south, re- capturing Seoul. April 1951, the UN troops had retaken Seoul and had moved back up to the 38th parallel.

22. MacArthur Recommends Attacking China MacArthur called for the use of up to 50 nuclear weapons against Chinese cities Truman knew the Soviet Union had a mutual- assistance pact with China; attacking would set off World War III April 11, 1951: Truman fired MacArthur

23. Korean War Photos

24. When They Drop The Atomic Bomb Jackie Doll and his Pickled Peppers Recorded 1951 There will soon be an end to this cold and wicked war When those hard headed Communists get what they're lookin' for Only one thing that will stop them and their atrocious bunch If General MacArthur drops an atomic bomb Now over in Korea our boys have fought and fell But they died just like heroes amid the many shot and killed They had their hands tied behind them and were murdered by the score By those dirty minded Communists who started this sad war There'll be fire, dust and metal flying all around And the radioactivity will burn them to the ground If there's any Commies left they'll be all on the run If General MacArthur drops an atomic bomb Old hard-headed Joe will be feelin' mighty blue When he finds out he's bitten off more than he can chew For his aggression will be ended and the job will be well done If General MacArthur drops an atomic bomb Old MacArthur has the power to stop those murderin' thieves And he’ll make them sorry for their underhanded schemes Just leave it to the general for he really has the nerve To give no good Communists just what they deserve There'll be fire, dust and metal flying all around And the radioactivity will burn their playhouse down If there's any Commies left they'll be all on the run If General MacArthur drops an atomic bomb

25. ARMISTICE SIGNED June 1951: Soviet Union suggests a cease fire Settlement Location of the cease-fire line at the existing battle line … 38 th parallel Establishment of a demilitarized zone between North and South July 1953: agreement signed

26. The Korean Story Performed by Jimmie Osborne Recorded August 3, 1953 Written by Osborne & Mann On a quiet Sunday morning, about four o'clock In a place called South Korea, there came an awful shock The Reds they had attacked and were heading straight for Seoul For the 38th Parallel, enemy tanks did roll Word came in just three days, Seoul, it did fall Sixty nations all gave help, When South Korea sent the call Pusan, it was next, General Walker gave a cry He commanded every soldier to either stand or die The men they fought and bled and some gave their all But thanks to God for mercy, whose son 'ere did fall The Reds were driven back, the world it did rejoice But fighting it continued, the allies had no choice After twelve long months of fighting, both sides began to talk A cease-fire was in order, but the Reds began to balk It seemed a hopeless case, as China entered in MacArthur was dismissed, there was no hope to win But things they soon grew brighter, again both sides sat down After three long years of fighting, the Reds, they came around In a hut in Panmumjon the armistice was signed We hope and pray it means real peace, for war is just a crime We'll long remember Heartbreak Ridge, T-bone and Bunker Hill Where men fought side-by-side, and thousands they were killed Kaesong and Old Baldy, and there on Pork Chop Hill Give us peace forever God, if it by thy humble will Please, forever God, if it be thy humble will

27. Effects of Korean War on US: 54,000 Americans lost their lives US spent $67 billion Help increase fear of communist aggression and prompted a hunt for Americans who might be blamed for the communist gains Korean War Memorial, Washington D.C.

28. Korea Today: Still split into North Korea and South Korea South Korea is booming economically, while North Korea (still communist) struggles with severe shortages of food and energy

30. border between North Korea and South Korea. The guards in the foreground are South Korean troops and the guard above the stairs, by the door, is a North Korean troop. The dividing line is where the gravel meets the sand. There are 2 million troops on the North Korean side and 500,000 on the South Korean side.

33. North Korean Dictators Kim Il-sung ruled the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, from its establishment in 1948 until his death in 1994. North Korea officially refers to Kim Il-sung as the "Great Leader" The constitution identifies him as the country's "Eternal President" His birthday is a national holiday

34. Succeeded by his son Kim Jong-il who ruled from 1994 – 2011 (died) succeeded by his son Kim Jong-un (current leader)

35. U.S. Government Economic Sanctions At this time, goods of North Korean origin may not be imported into the United States without prior approval of the U.S. Treasury Department “”Korea, Democratic People's Republic of Country Specific Information.” US Department of State. http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_988.html http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_988.html

36. Can you go to North Korea?… No Routine travel from South Korea to North Korea is currently prohibited. U.S. citizens crossing into North Korea without proper documentation have been subject to arrest and long-term detention. Travel across the demilitarized zone (DMZ) is allowed only infrequently for official and government-authorized cultural and economic exchanges or aid shipments. There are no regularly operating direct commercial flights between South and North Korea. There is no U.S. embassy or consulate in North Korea. The Department of State warns U.S. citizens against entering North Korea without first having received explicit official permission and a visa from the government of North Korea.

37. What happens when you cross the border… March 17: jounalists Laura Ling and Euna Lee arrested by North Korean military on the Chinese border and faced trial on June 4 for alleged "hostile acts.“ June: the women were sentenced to 12 years in labor camps "for the grave crime they committed against the Korean nation and their illegal border crossing."

38. 1. 1945: end of WW2 ______________ in Korea surrender North of 38th parallel to _______________ South of 38th parallel to _______________ 2. 1945: _______ nations develop: Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (________) = Communist; led by Kim Il Sung; capital __________ Republic of Korea (_______)= Democratic-ish; led by Syngman Rhee; capital ________; recognized by U.S. 3. June 25, 1950: ___Korea invades ___ Korea Soviets were convinced U.S. wouldn’t _______________ South Korea; Soviets give North Korea ______________ __________; South Korea calls on _______to stop invasion 6. By September, ________nations sent _____________ troops to aid South Korea (_________ US troops); South Korea had 590,000 troops 4. June 1950: N. Korea captures capital of S. Korea (___________) 8. October 1950: UN troops capture ____________ of North Korea and were approaching _______________ ______ (border with China) 10. January 1951: Chinese recapture ______________. 12. June 1951: Soviet Union suggests a _________________ Location of the cease-fire line _____________________; Establishment of a _______________________between North and South July _______________: cease fire agreement signed The Korean War Time Line 7. Late September 1950: U.N. troops, led by ________ launch a surprise attack behind enemy lines at ______; drive the North Koreans back across ______________. 9. November 1950: ___________________ crossed the border to aid North Korea and force U.N. troops to _____________across 38th parallel 11. April 1951, _______________ retake Seoul and move back up to the __________________. 195019511952 5. September 1950: S. Koreans and some U.N. troops were pushed to ____________ on the southern coast Impact: ____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________

39. 1945: at the end of WW2 the Japanese in Korea surrender North of 38th parallel to Soviets South of 38th parallel to Americans September 1950: South Koreans and some U.N. troops pushed to Pusan on the southern coast

40. 1945: As in Germany, two nations develop: Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea) = Communist; led by Kim Il Sung; capital Pyongyang Republic of Korea (South Korea)= Democratic-ish; led by Syngman Rhee; capital Seoul; recognized by U.S. as true government

41. June 25, 1950: North Korea invades South Korea Soviets were convinced U.S. wouldn’t defend South Korea and give North Korea tanks, airplanes, and money South Korea calls on U.N. to stop invasion

42. September 1950: 16 nations sent 520,000 troops to aid South Korea (90% US troops); South Korea had 590,000 troops

43. September 1950: U.N. troops, led by MacArthur launch a surprise attack behind enemy lines at Inchon; drive the North Koreans back across 38th parallel. June, 1950: North Korea captures capital of South Korea (Seoul)

44. November 1950: 300,000 Chinese troops crossed the border to aid North Korea and force U.N. troops to retreat across 38th parallel October 1950: UN troops capture capital of North Korea and were approaching Yalu River (border with China)

45. April 1951, the UN troops retake Seoul and move back up to the 38th parallel. January 1951: all UN and South Korean troops pushed out of North Korea. January 1951: Chinese re-capture Seoul.

46. June 1951: Soviet Union suggests a cease fire Location of the cease-fire line at the existing battle line … 38th parallel; Establishment of a demilitarized zone between North and South July 1953: cease fire agreement signed