2. cartoons

4. The Impact of Traffic on Urban Areas »Why has traffic in urban areas increased? »What are the damaging effects of increased traffic in urban areas? »How can transport systems in urban areas be managed to reduce the damaging effects of increased traffic?

5. Why has traffic in urban areas increased? »More disposable income - increased car ownership »Commuters - Work, shopping, entertainment »Reduction in use of public transport »Increased amount of road freight

6. What are the damaging effects of increased traffic? »Environmental »Economic »Social

7. Environmental »Air pollution from exhausts »Noise pollution »Visual pollution of motorways »Loss of land

8. Economic »Congestion »Cost of building and maintaining roads »Use of non-renewable resources »Cost of petrol

9. Petrol Prices

10. Social »Danger of accidents »Health problems »Destruction of property »Damage to foundations »Overcrowding on public transport

11. Management of urban transport »Exclude or reduce traffic »Congestion Charge »Toll roads »Try to reduce pollution »Improve public transport »Smaller and more affordable schemes

12. Investigation »What schemes have been implemented into MEDC cities in order to reduce the impacts of traffic? »How successful have these been?