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Western Land Claims Ceded by the States. Northwest Ordinance: The Confederation’s Major Achievement  Northwest Ordinance, 1787 –Created three to five.

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Presentation on theme: "Western Land Claims Ceded by the States. Northwest Ordinance: The Confederation’s Major Achievement  Northwest Ordinance, 1787 –Created three to five."— Presentation transcript:

1 Western Land Claims Ceded by the States

2 Northwest Ordinance: The Confederation’s Major Achievement  Northwest Ordinance, 1787 –Created three to five new territories in Northwest –Population of 50,000 may elect Assembly –Population of 60,000 may petition for statehood –Bill of Rights provided –Slavery outlawed

3 Northwest Territory

4 Constitutional Reform  May 1786—Annapolis Convention agreed to meet again, write a new constitution  Shay’s Rebellion, 1787 –Tax revolt of indebted veterans –Symbolized breakdown in law and order as perceived by propertied classes  Crisis strengthened support for new central government

5 The Philadelphia Convention  Convened May 1787  Fifty-five delegates from all states except Rhode Island  Delegates possessed wide practical experience  Secrecy rule imposed

6 Inventing a Federal Republic: The Virginia Plan  Central government may veto all state acts  Bicameral legislature of state representatives –One house elected, the other appointed –Larger states would have more representatives  Chief executive appointed by Congress  Small states objected to large-state dominance

7 Inventing a Federal Republic: The New Jersey Plan  Congress given greater taxing and trade regulation powers  Each state would have one vote in a unicameral legislature  Articles of Confederation otherwise untouched

8 Compromise Saves the Convention  Plan proposed by Connecticut  Each state given two delegates in the Senate—a victory for the small states  House of Representatives based on population—a victory for the large states  Three-fifths Compromise: Three-fifths of the slave population counted toward representation in the House

9 Compromising with Slavery  Issue of slavery threatened Convention’s unity – Northerners tended to be opposed – Southerners threatened to bolt if slavery weakened  Slave trade permitted to continue to 1808 “Great as the evil is, a dismemberment of the Union would be worse.” —James Madison

10 The Last Details  July 26—Committee of Detail formed to prepare rough draft  Revisions to executive –Electoral College selects president –Executive given a veto over legislation –Executive may appoint judges  Decision that Bill of Rights unnecessary

11 Federalists  Supported the Constitution  Well-organized  The Federalist Papers

12 Anti-Federalists  Opposed to the Constitution  Distrusted any government removed from direct control of the people  Suspected the new Constitution favored the rich and powerful

13 Progress of Ratification  9 out of 13 needed for ratification  Succeeded in winning ratification in eleven states by June 1788  North Carolina ratified November 1789  Rhode Island ratified May 1790

14 Adding the Bill of Rights  Purpose was to protect individual rights from government interference  Rights included: –Freedom of assembly, speech, religion, the press, and bearing arms –Speedy trial by a jury of peers –No unreasonable searches  First ten amendments added by December 1791


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