1. Example 1 The graph appears to show that Beary Sticks has far less sugar than the other cereals.

2. Example 1, cont’d The first graph was misleading because the scale is not shown and the axis actually begins at 8, not at 0. A better graph is shown here. A better graph is shown here.

3. Example 6 A graph of the price of a stock from April 25 through May 5 seems to show a large increase. –Notice that the vertical axis begins at 98.

4. Example 6, cont’d Another graph of the same stock over a longer time period seems to show a gradual decline overall. –Notice that the vertical axis begins at 0 in this graph.

5. Example 6, cont’d The final graph shows the same information as in the last graph, but with a different choice of vertical scale. –The decrease is more dramatic because the vertical axis begins at 100.

6. Example 8 It is also hard to read exact values from this 3-D line graph.

7. Example 9 In a 3-D pie chart, the exploded sector has more emphasis, making it appear larger than it really is.

8. Example 13 Why is this pictograph misleading?

9. Example 15 Why is this pictograph misleading?

10. Example 16 Why is this pictograph misleading?

11. Example 18 This pie chart distorts the data.

12. 8.3 Initial Problem Solution Create 2 different graphs of the data.

13. Initial Problem Solution, cont’d To make the debt appear as serious as possible, we can plot the amount over time. Adjust the scales to make the increase look severe.

14. Initial Problem Solution, cont’d To make the debt appear less serious, we can plot the annual rate of increase instead of the actual amount. –It looks like the debt is decreasing.