1. Solutions, Acids, and Bases
SPS6. Students will investigate the properties of solutions.
a. Describe solutions in terms of
solute/solvent
conductivity
concentration
b. Observe factors affecting the rate a solute dissolves in a specific solvent.
c. Demonstrate that solubility is related to temperature by constructing a solubility curve.
d. Compare and contrast the components and properties of acids and bases.
e. Determine whether common household substances are acidic, basic, or neutral.

2. Activator List examples of solutions.
What else do you know about solutions?

3. Solution A mixture that is homogeneous on the molecular level. Example
Salt water
Gold jewelry
Cola

4. Solute
The part that is dissolved in the solvent and is normally the smallest part of the solution.
Example
Salt in salt water
CO2 in cola

5. Solvent
The part of the solution that does the dissolving, normally the largest part of a solution.
Example
Water in salt water
Water in cola

6. Conductivity
The ability of a solution to conduct electricity. A solution with a ionic solute will conduct.
Examples
Salt water will conduct because it separates into ions.
Ethanol dissolved in water will not conduct

7. Concentration
A measure of how much solute is dissolved in the solvent.
Example
How many grams of a solute is dissolved in 100 grams of water.

8. Saturated
A solution in which the maximum amount of solute has been dissolved. If more solute is added, it will sit as crystals on the bottom of the container.
Example
Carbonated water
Sugar Kool-aid

9. Unsaturated
A solution can have solute added and dissolved because the solute concentration is lower than its equilibrium.
Example
Kool-aid that is not sweet
Tea that is not sweet enough

10. Supersaturated
A solution that contains more solute than could be dissolved by the solvent under normal circumstances.
Example
Kool-Aid with sugar at the bottom
This is how rock candy is made

12. Circle the solute(s) 10 karat gold: 10 parts gold and 14 parts silver
Kool-Aid: 20 g Kool-Aid mix and 250 g of water
Sprite: 90g water, 10 g CO2 and 5 g Sugar
Silver nitrate solution: 12g AgNO3 and 100 g of water

13. Quad Cluster isotope solution solute solvent Which does not belong?
Explain why the word in question 1 does not belong.
Explain how the other 3 are alike.

14. What is the following solute or solvent?
Drain Cleaner:
3.0g of sodium hydroxide
100g of water

15. What is the following solute or solvent?
Windex:
95% water
5% isopropyl alcohol

16. What is the following solute or solvent?
Sugar water:
5.0g of sugar
100g of water

17. What is the following solute or solvent?
22 karat rose gold:
92% gold
8% copper

18. What is the following solute or solvent?
Baking soda solution:
6.0g of baking soda
100g of water

19. What is the following solute or solvent?
Steel:
98.5% iron
1.5% carbon

20. What is the following solute or solvent?
Carbonated water:
98.6% water
1.4% carbon dioxide

21. What is the following solute or solvent?
Vinegar:
3% acetic acid
97% water

22. What is the following solute or solvent?
Kool-Aid:
12g of Kool-Aid mix
100g of water

23. What is the following solute or solvent?
Potassium chloride solution:
3.0g of potassium chloride
100g of water.

24. What is the following solute or solvent?
Salt water:
2.0g salt
100g water

25. What is the following solute or solvent?
Bronze:
95% copper
5% tin

26. What is the following solute or solvent?
Potassium iodide solution:
12g potassium iodide
100g of water

27. Summary
Make two solutions of your own and identify the solute in each one.

28. Activator
How can you determine the difference between solute and solvent?

29. Solubility Lab
Put 0.2 g of table salt in two test tubes. Fill each test tube half way with water. Set one test tube in the rack and leave it alone. Put your thumb over the second test tube and count the number of inversions it takes to dissolve the salt in the second test tube. Record your observations in data table 1. Stirring increases solubility

30. Hot water increases solubility
Solubility Lab
Put 0.2 g of table salt in three test tubes. 1st test tube: record the temperature of the water at room temperature. Fill the test tube half way, count the number of inversions to dissolve the salt and record your observations in data table. 2nd test tube: repeat above with hot water. Use the funnel to transfer the water and a cork for the inversions. 3rd test tube: repeat above with the cold water. Record your observations.
Hot water increases solubility

31. Solubility Lab
Put 0.2 g of table salt in one test tube. Put 0.2 g of table salt in a second test tube. Fill both test tubes with warm water. Count the number of inversions it takes for the salt to dissolve in each test tube. More surface area dissolves faster

32. Summarizer Which solution would dissolve the fastest?
A. Hot water + not stirring + rock salt
B. Cold water + not stirring + table salt
C. Hot water + stirring + table salt
D. Cold water + stirring + rock salt
Why would it dissolve the fastest (give 3 reasons)?

33. Activator
Which solution had a faster solubility rate; Inverted or not inverted?
Why was that so?

34. How many grams of a solute is dissolved in 100 grams of water.
Solutions Review
Term
Definition
Example
Solute
The part of the solution that is dissolved in the solvent which is normally the smallest part of the solution.
Salt in salt water
CO2 in cola
Solvent
The part of the solution that does the dissolving, normally the largest part of a solution.
Water in salt water
Water in cola
Conductivity
The ability of a solution to conduct electricity. A solution with a ionic solute will conduct.
Salt water will conduct
Ethanol dissolved in water will not conduct
Concentration
A measure of how much solute is dissolved in the solvent.
How many grams of a solute is dissolved in 100 grams of water.

35. Solubility Rate Review
Method to increase solubility Rate
Why does this make the solute dissolve faster
Stir
Increases the collision between solute and solvent molecules.
Heat solvent
Increases the molecular motion of the solvent molecules which increase the collisions between the solvent and solute molecules.
Crush solute
Allows the solvent to reach all of the solute molecules because the surface to volume ratio of the solute has been increased.

36. Activator Identify the solute and solvent
Potassium chloride solution: 3.0g of potassium chloride and 100g of water.
Take out your lab data sheets.

37. Concentration of a solute at a given temperature.
1. find the temperature 2. go up to the line 3. go over to the concentration

39. Solubility Curve

40. Solubility Curve What is the solubility of NaNO3 at 10⁰C and 22⁰C?
What happens to the solubility as the temperature increases?
What affect does the temperature have on the solubility of most solutes?

41. What happens to solubility of a solute as the temperature changes?
1. if the curve goes up it increases 2. if the curve goes down it decrease

42. Compare the solubility of two solutes at the same temperature.
1. find the temperature 2. go up to the curves 3. which one is the highest?

43. Is a concentration of a solute supersaturated, saturated, or unsaturated at a given temperature?
find the temp and
go up to the given
concentration
above curve = supersaturated
on curve = saturated
below curve = unsaturated